Trade Desk (TTD) Stock Overview
Operates as a technology company in the United States and internationally. More details
| Snowflake Score | |
|---|---|
| Valuation | 4/6 |
| Future Growth | 2/6 |
| Past Performance | 2/6 |
| Financial Health | 6/6 |
| Dividends | 0/6 |
TTD Community Fair Values
Create NarrativeSee what 558 others think this stock is worth. Follow their fair value or set your own to get alerts.
Analyst Price Targets
Top Community Narratives
US$29.24
FV
35.2% undervalued intrinsic discount10.00%
Revenue growth p.a.
275
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The Trade Desk, Inc. Competitors
Price History & Performance
| Historical stock prices | |
|---|---|
| Current Share Price | US$18.94 |
| 52 Week High | US$91.45 |
| 52 Week Low | US$16.98 |
| Beta | 1.04 |
| 1 Month Change | -1.76% |
| 3 Month Change | -15.37% |
| 1 Year Change | -76.44% |
| 3 Year Change | -78.61% |
| 5 Year Change | -74.05% |
| Change since IPO | 529.24% |
Recent News & Updates
Seeking Alpha • Jul 10
The Trade Desk: The Market Can't Ignore Strong Profits Forever
Summary The Trade Desk, Inc. remains deeply discounted despite sustaining double-digit growth and >30% adjusted EBITDA margins, prompting a reiterated Strong Buy rating. Settlement of the Publicis dispute removes a key revenue headwind, with business resuming and potential for stronger results in the year's back half. TTD's valuation is compelling at ~6x FY26 adjusted EBITDA and ~10.7x FY26 P/E, with risks seen as fully priced in and M&A attractiveness rising. Long-term TTD tailwinds include programmatic ad growth, expanding ad inventory, and AI-driven advertising, while profitability remains resilient amid near-term demand headwinds. Read the full article on Seeking Alpha
Narrative Update • Jun 30
TTD: Agency Spend Cuts And Take Rate Compression Will Pressure Future Economics
Analysts have increased their fair value estimate for Trade Desk from $11.44 to $12.38. This change reflects updated views that incorporate slightly higher modeled revenue growth and P/E assumptions, while also considering concerns over competitive pressures and shifting ad agency spend highlighted in recent research.Recent updates
Seeking Alpha • Jul 10
The Trade Desk: The Market Can't Ignore Strong Profits Forever
Summary The Trade Desk, Inc. remains deeply discounted despite sustaining double-digit growth and >30% adjusted EBITDA margins, prompting a reiterated Strong Buy rating. Settlement of the Publicis dispute removes a key revenue headwind, with business resuming and potential for stronger results in the year's back half. TTD's valuation is compelling at ~6x FY26 adjusted EBITDA and ~10.7x FY26 P/E, with risks seen as fully priced in and M&A attractiveness rising. Long-term TTD tailwinds include programmatic ad growth, expanding ad inventory, and AI-driven advertising, while profitability remains resilient amid near-term demand headwinds. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaNarrative Update • Jun 30
TTD: Agency Spend Cuts And Take Rate Compression Will Pressure Future Economics
Analysts have increased their fair value estimate for Trade Desk from $11.44 to $12.38. This change reflects updated views that incorporate slightly higher modeled revenue growth and P/E assumptions, while also considering concerns over competitive pressures and shifting ad agency spend highlighted in recent research.Analysis Article • Jun 17
Trade Desk (TTD) Stock Could Be 35.2% Undervalued After Publicis Settlement
Leadership, client relations and what the Publicis settlement means for Trade Desk stock The Trade Desk (TTD) just resolved a months long dispute with Publicis, which had questioned its fee practices and paused recommendations of its platform, and Publicis is now putting the platform back on its recommended list. For investors watching Trade Desk stock after a period of pressure, this settlement matters because Publicis accounts for a meaningful share of the company’s gross billings and had...
Narrative Update • Jun 16
TTD: Future Upside Will Depend On Fox Roku And Publicis Partnerships
The Trade Desk price target has been revised modestly lower to $24.45 from $26.29 as analysts factor in recent cuts from multiple firms, a mix of cautious views on growth and margins, and ongoing debate around competition, agency relationships, and the impact of key partnerships with Fox, Roku, and Publicis. Analyst Commentary Analysts remain divided on Trade Desk stock, with recent commentary highlighting both supportive factors around key partnerships and agency relationships, and pointed concerns about competition, take-rate pressure, and leadership changes.
New Narrative • Jun 05
Wait and see
What is Trade Desk The Trade Desk is a cloud-based technology platform that allows advertising agencies and brands to buy digital advertising space automatically and data-driven. It is a leading independent Demand Side Platform (DSP), meaning it exclusively serves advertisers on the "buy-side" without owning the ad inventory itself.Narrative Update • Jun 02
TTD: Take Rate Compression And Agency Audits Will Pressure Future Ad Platform Economics
Analysts have cut Trade Desk's implied fair value from $17.00 to about $11.44, pointing to lower assumed revenue growth, slimmer profit margins, a slightly higher discount rate, and a reduced future P/E expectation. This is in line with recent price target reductions and fresh Sell and downgrade calls focused on competitive pressure and take rate compression.Narrative Update • May 15
TTD: Future Upside Will Depend On CTV And Political Ad Tailwinds
Analysts have trimmed the price target on Trade Desk, with the fair value estimate moving from about $33 to $26. They factor in softer revenue growth, slightly lower profitability expectations, and a reduced future P/E assumption following a series of target cuts and downgrades across the Street.Analysis Article • May 14
We Like Trade Desk's (NASDAQ:TTD) Earnings For More Than Just Statutory Profit
The stock was sluggish on the back of The Trade Desk, Inc.'s ( NASDAQ:TTD ) recent earnings report. Our analysis...Narrative Update • May 01
TTD: Agency Audits And Competitive Pressures Will Restrain Future Ad Platform Execution
Analysts have trimmed Trade Desk's average price target, with several firms cutting targets by $1 to $13 to reflect softer near term ad spend in key verticals and rising concern about competitive and agency related pressures. Analyst Commentary Recent research on Trade Desk shows a clear tilt toward more cautious views, with many price targets reset lower following the latest guidance and advertising trends.Narrative Update • Apr 16
TTD: Agency Audits And Reviews Will Pressure Future Ad Platform Execution
The analyst fair value estimate for Trade Desk decreases from $34.00 to $17.00 as analysts factor in slower modeled revenue growth, a lower future P/E assumption, and higher pressure from agency reviews and macro-driven ad spend headwinds, partly offset by expectations for stronger profit margins. Analyst Commentary Recent Street research around Trade Desk has tilted more cautious, with many bearish analysts cutting price targets and rethinking ratings following softer guidance, sector specific headwinds in consumer packaged goods and autos, and growing concern about competitive and agency related pressures.
Narrative Update • Apr 02
TTD: Agency Audits And AI Partnerships Will Reshape Future Upside Potential
Narrative Update on Trade Desk The updated analyst price target for Trade Desk reflects a modest trim of about $0.14, as analysts weigh recent target cuts, agency related pressures, and mixed views on ad spend and competitive risks against slightly higher modeled revenue growth and margins, as well as a marginally lower future P/E assumption. Analyst Commentary Bullish analysts remain focused on areas where Trade Desk continues to execute, even as many targets have moved lower and some ratings have been cut.Narrative Update • Mar 19
TTD: Reset Expectations As AI Partnerships May Support Future Upside
Analysts have cut the Trade Desk fair value estimate from about $85.09 to $48.72, reflecting a reset in revenue growth and P/E assumptions as recent downgrades highlight softer agency demand, macro pressure on key advertiser verticals, and uncertainty around the payoff from potential AI partnerships. Analyst Commentary Research coverage on Trade Desk has turned more cautious overall, with several firms cutting ratings and price targets after Q4 results and a softer Q1 outlook.Narrative Update • Mar 05
TTD: Future Upside Will Rely On Ad Platform Execution Through Cyclical Headwinds
Our updated Trade Desk narrative reflects a lower fair value estimate of $32.95 from $53.94 as analysts cut price targets across the board in response to softer Q1 guidance, decelerating growth in key ad verticals such as consumer packaged goods and autos, and rising concern that cyclical ad spend and competitive pressures are weighing more heavily on near term expectations. Analyst Commentary Street research has turned more cautious on Trade Desk, with many firms cutting price targets and rethinking growth assumptions following Q4 results and softer Q1 guidance.Narrative Update • Feb 18
TTD: Reset Expectations And Product Momentum May Support Future Upside
Analysts have trimmed their aggregate price targets on Trade Desk by reflecting a lower fair value estimate of about $85, slightly higher discount rates, and more cautious assumptions on revenue growth, profit margins, and future P/E, even as views remain mixed, with at least one firm turning more bullish and several others cutting targets in recent weeks. Analyst Commentary Recent Street research on Trade Desk points to a cautious reset in expectations, but you can still see pockets of confidence in the story, especially around execution and long term growth potential.Narrative Update • Feb 04
TTD: Future Upside Will Rely On Ad Platform Execution Over Time
Analysts have trimmed their price targets on Trade Desk, leading our fair value estimate to move lower to about $54 per share from roughly $61. They are factoring in a lower future P/E multiple alongside slightly more conservative assumptions for revenue growth and profit margins.Narrative Update • Jan 21
TTD: Future Ad Platform Execution Will Balance AI Upside And Competitive Pressures
Analysts have trimmed their price targets on Trade Desk, generally citing more cautious views on the pace of revenue growth reacceleration, tougher implied growth comparisons through 2026, and uncertainty around smaller ad platforms, even as they still highlight potential upside from AI related product catalysts and improving advertiser spend trends. Analyst Commentary Recent research on Trade Desk has leaned more cautious, with several bearish analysts cutting price targets even while keeping ratings such as Neutral, Equal Weight or Outperform.Narrative Update • Jan 07
TTD: Future Share Strength Will Build On AI Product And Buyback Execution
Analysts have trimmed their price targets on Trade Desk by a few dollars, with fair value estimates moving from about $62.33 to $61.12 as they balance concerns about elevated multiples and competitive noise against solid Q3 execution, improving ad demand, AI driven product catalysts, and what they describe as relatively derisked forward estimates. Analyst Commentary Recent research paints a mixed but generally constructive picture around Trade Desk, with most price target changes reflecting recalibration of expectations rather than a fundamental shift in the long term story.Narrative Update • Dec 21
TTD Will Navigate Competitive And Macro Pressures While New AI Products Mature
Analysts have trimmed their price targets on Trade Desk, with our fair value estimate moving from approximately $39.48 to $34.00 as they factor in modestly higher discount rates, slightly stronger revenue growth expectations, and somewhat lower assumed profit margins and future valuation multiples. Analyst Commentary Despite solid execution in recent quarters and indications of stabilizing ad demand, Street sentiment toward Trade Desk has turned more cautious as several bearish analysts recalibrate expectations.Narrative Update • Dec 07
TTD: Future Share Strength Will Build On AI And Buyback Execution
Analysts have nudged their average price target for Trade Desk modestly lower to about $82, reflecting a blend of cautious resets around competitive and regulatory headwinds, continued confidence in improving ad demand, Kokai driven execution, and the potential for revenue reacceleration into 2026. Analyst Commentary Street research around Trade Desk has become more polarized, with most firms trimming price targets but maintaining constructive views on execution and the multi year growth algorithm, while a smaller group is signaling greater caution on near term growth and competitive pressures.Narrative Update • Nov 23
TTD: Share Strength Will Build As AI And Buyback Momentum Continue
Analysts have lowered their price target for Trade Desk by approximately $6.64 to $62.33. They cite near-term headwinds and a slightly softer outlook on growth and margins.Analysis Article • Nov 21
The Trade Desk, Inc.'s (NASDAQ:TTD) 29% Cheaper Price Remains In Tune With Earnings
The The Trade Desk, Inc. ( NASDAQ:TTD ) share price has fared very poorly over the last month, falling by a substantial...Analysis Article • Nov 08
The Trade Desk, Inc. Just Beat EPS By 15%: Here's What Analysts Think Will Happen Next
The Trade Desk, Inc. ( NASDAQ:TTD ) investors will be delighted, with the company turning in some strong numbers with...Narrative Update • Nov 07
TTD: Revenue Momentum Will Accelerate Amid AI Advances And New Partnerships
The analyst price target for Trade Desk has been modestly lowered, reflecting a balance of upbeat Q3 results and ongoing industry headwinds. Recent research updates show a new target of $68.97, down from $69.53.Narrative Update • Oct 24
Digital Ad Landscape Will Face Heightened Competition And Shifting Partnerships Ahead
Analysts have lowered their price targets for Trade Desk. Several have cited increased competition, macroeconomic uncertainty, and management changes as key factors driving a more cautious outlook and target reductions in the range of $45 to $60.Narrative Update • Oct 10
CTV Partnerships With Disney And Netflix Will Transform Media
Analysts have reduced their price target for Trade Desk from approximately $72.52 to $69.53. They cite recent downgrades, as well as mounting competitive and regulatory headwinds, as the primary factors behind the downward adjustment.Narrative Update • Sep 26
CTV Partnerships With Disney And Netflix Will Transform Media
Trade Desk’s consensus price target has been revised down from $74.48 to $72.52 amid heightened macroeconomic uncertainty, agency-related headwinds, execution risk on strategic initiatives, and increased valuation scrutiny as revenue growth moderates. Analyst Commentary Increased macroeconomic and agency-related uncertainty is dampening the near-term growth outlook and visibility, leading to concerns about Trade Desk’s ability to reaccelerate top-line growth beyond 20%.Narrative Update • Sep 11
CTV Partnerships With Disney And Netflix Will Transform Media
Trade Desk’s consensus price target was modestly lowered to $74.48 as analysts cited persistent growth uncertainty, mounting competitive pressures, and a weaker valuation premium offset only partially by improved online ad sentiment and potential outperformance if macro conditions improve. Analyst Commentary Bearish analysts express concern about Trade Desk’s muted growth outlook, citing increased macroeconomic uncertainty, lower visibility on a Kokai-driven turnaround, and heightened risk from agency and client in-housing trends.Analysis Article • Aug 09
With A 28% Price Drop For The Trade Desk, Inc. (NASDAQ:TTD) You'll Still Get What You Pay For
NasdaqGM:TTD 1 Year Share Price vs Fair Value Explore Trade Desk's Fair Values from the Community and select yours The...Narrative Update • Aug 08
CTV Partnerships With Disney And Netflix Will Transform Media
Trade Desk’s lower Analyst Price Target reflects a notably reduced future P/E multiple despite an improved net profit margin, leading to a revised fair value estimate of $85.64. What's in the News The Trade Desk expects at least $717 million in Q3 2025 revenue and has appointed Alex Kayyal as CFO, with a planned leadership transition from Laura Schenkein.Seeking Alpha • Mar 16
The Trade Desk: 3 Reasons To Seriously Consider Buying The Dip
Summary The Trade Desk is a leading SaaS company, with an advertising platform could capture a huge chunk of non-GOOG/META advertising spend in the coming decade. The stock is down considerably over the last three months, due to a weak revenue guide coinciding with the broader market selloff. We think this significant dip represents a massive opportunity for investors, despite the potential risks. We rate TTD a 'Strong Buy'. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Mar 05
Media Consumers Love Content, And The Trade Desk Helps Keep It Affordable
Summary Advertising on digital media has been around for a while, but The Trade Desk is a leader in a hot emerging part of it. It’s the top independent demand-side platform. So it works for advertisers, not media publishers. And having no axe to grind, TTD helps clients advertise anywhere. TTD works all over the internet, but does most of its business with Connected TV (streaming). Ads here are growing well, as TTD makes it better than on old-time TV. Consumers don’t all love ads, but they may hate higher prices more. TTD is a solution. It helps make ads tolerable to consumers and profitable to advertisers, and helps make it possible for media companies to create more content. Until recently, the stock's valuation was ridiculous. But after having cut guidance in the last quarter, the stock tanked. Valuation isn't great, but at least it's now a "Buy" by growth standards. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Feb 23
The Trade Desk Crashes: Here's The Price I'll Buy (Again!).
Summary The Trade Desk stock plummeted on weak Q1 guidance and restructuring. The valuation is nearly down to early 2023 lows as everyone runs for the hills. This looks like an opportunity to invest in a financially sound, growing company at a long-term discount. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Feb 13
The Trade Desk Q4: Stock Plunges, But It May Be Time To Load Up (Upgrade)
Summary The Trade Desk, Inc.'s stock plummeted over 30% as Q4 results and forward outlook disappointed. With a PEG ratio of above 2.5, the high expectations heading into its earnings scorecard took a significant toll. Several challenges underline the market's pessimism, representing the worst selloff in recent times. I explain why the advertising technology leader isn't bound for darkness, and is still expected to post robust margins moving ahead. Amidst the confusion presented by the market, I argue why you shouldn't miss the opportunity to finally load up on TTD. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Jan 14
The Trade Desk: Not Enough Catalysts Coming
Summary I appreciate The Trade Desk, Inc.'s impressive balance sheet and its ability to operate without debt, which adds resilience and flexibility. I remain cautious about TTD's valuation at 24x forward EBITDA, which seems steep given the anticipated moderation in revenue growth rates. I recognize the company’s strong market position in programmatic advertising but acknowledge growing competition from giants like Google and Meta. I struggle to see how The Trade Desk can sustain 50% EBITDA margins in 2025, making its profitability growth trajectory a key uncertainty for me. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Dec 12
Why The Trade Desk Remains A Hold Despite The Excitement Around Ventura
Summary The Trade Desk unveiled Ventura, a new streaming TV OS, which CEO Jeff Green claims could be one of their biggest moves yet. Ventura aims to create the most advanced CTV advertising ecosystem by integrating content discovery and an advertising platform within the OS. The OS allows users to interact with smart TVs, access various apps, and enjoy a wide range of content, similar to Roku TV. Detailed features and interface of Ventura were not disclosed, but it promises to revolutionize the smart TV experience. Despite the excitement around Ventura, the stock remains a Hold. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Dec 03
The Trade Desk: A Potential Roku Merger Augments Market Penetration (Rating Downgrade)
Summary The Trade Desk has outperformed the S&P 500, driven by strong revenue and earnings growth from growth vectors such as CTV, Retail Media, Audio and International Markets. Despite its long-term growth narrative as it positions its product roadmap to capture shifting advertiser spend towards programmatic buying, its valuation is stretched at current levels. The company recently announced Ventura, its smart TV OS to strengthen its offerings to advertisers and solidify its positioning in the CTV category. Yesterday, Guggenheim released a report emphasizing a potential merger between Roku and The Trade Desk could help accelerate the latter’s OS ambitions, as it will compete with large tech giants. However, this is pure speculation and although a merger at Roku’s current valuation sounds attractive, there are lots of unknowns at the moment. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Nov 05
The Trade Desk Approaches Q3 Earnings With Big Growth, Bigger Expectations
Summary The Trade Desk anticipates Q3 revenue of at least $618 million, representing 25% year-over-year growth. Analysts expect Q3 revenue to reach $620 million with GAAP EPS of $0.17, aligning with company projections. Partnerships like Netflix and Spotify signal The Trade Desk’s expanded influence, though Netflix plans to develop in-house ad tech by 2025. The Trade Desk’s Unified ID 2.0 initiative is growing, with recent adopters including Roku and SiriusXM, enhancing its privacy-focused advertising model. Despite strong recent growth, the stock remains highly valued, and competitive threats may pressure The Trade Desk’s margins and growth trajectory. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Oct 03
The Trade Desk: There's Upside Left, But Be Mindful Of Risks
Summary The Trade Desk has surged over 50% YTD, driven by strong growth. The company notes that macroeconomic uncertainty is actually funneling more ad spend through its platform, as CMOs want to be more targeted on their reach. Maintain a buy rating with a $124 price target, but recommend monitoring for a near-term exit due to valuation risks. TTD stock trades at an incredibly eye-watering ~21x current-year revenue multiple, and ~18x next year's revenue. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaSeeking Alpha • Sep 13
The Trade Desk: This Journey Has Been Far From A Smooth Ride-Much
Summary We established a position in The Trade Desk in March 2020 at $17.40, and it has appreciated nearly sixfold, delivering a 55% annualized return. Despite significant drawdowns, including a 60% decline in 2022, long-term holding has proven rewarding due to impressive fundamentals and opportunistic purchasing. Over 4 years, TTD's revenues, operating earnings, and EPS have grown at 30%+ annually, with the stock's multiple recovering from 10x to 20x revenues. Q2 results showed a 26% YoY revenue increase to $584.6 million, with a 39% adjusted EBITDA margin, driven by data-driven advertising and Unified ID 2.0 adoption. Read the full article on Seeking AlphaShareholder Returns
| TTD | US Media | US Market | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7D | -1.3% | -1.0% | -0.9% |
| 1Y | -76.4% | -22.5% | 19.4% |
Return vs Industry: TTD underperformed the US Media industry which returned -22.5% over the past year.
Return vs Market: TTD underperformed the US Market which returned 19.4% over the past year.
Price Volatility
| TTD volatility | |
|---|---|
| TTD Average Weekly Movement | 8.0% |
| Media Industry Average Movement | 8.7% |
| Market Average Movement | 7.2% |
| 10% most volatile stocks in US Market | 16.7% |
| 10% least volatile stocks in US Market | 3.2% |
Stable Share Price: TTD has not had significant price volatility in the past 3 months compared to the US market.
Volatility Over Time: TTD's weekly volatility (8%) has been stable over the past year.
About the Company
| Founded | Employees | CEO | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 3,843 | Jeff Green | www.thetradedesk.com |
The Trade Desk, Inc. operates as a technology company in the United States and internationally. The company creates, manages, and optimizes digital advertising campaigns across ad formats, channels and devices, including CTV and other video, display, audio, and native, on a multitude of devices, such televisions, streaming devices, mobile devices, computers and digital-out-of-home devices. It provides data and other value-added services.
The Trade Desk, Inc. Fundamentals Summary
| TTD fundamental statistics | |
|---|---|
| Market cap | US$9.30b |
| Earnings (TTM) | US$432.62m |
| Revenue (TTM) | US$2.97b |
20.6x
P/E Ratio3.0x
P/S RatioIs TTD overvalued?
See Fair Value and valuation analysisEarnings & Revenue
| TTD income statement (TTM) | |
|---|---|
| Revenue | US$2.97b |
| Cost of Revenue | US$658.20m |
| Gross Profit | US$2.31b |
| Other Expenses | US$1.88b |
| Earnings | US$432.62m |
Last Reported Earnings
Mar 31, 2026
Next Earnings Date
n/a
| Earnings per share (EPS) | 0.92 |
| Gross Margin | 77.83% |
| Net Profit Margin | 14.57% |
| Debt/Equity Ratio | 0% |
How did TTD perform over the long term?
See historical performance and comparisonCompany Analysis and Financial Data Status
| Data | Last Updated (UTC time) |
|---|---|
| Company Analysis | 2026/07/14 22:37 |
| End of Day Share Price | 2026/07/14 00:00 |
| Earnings | 2026/03/31 |
| Annual Earnings | 2025/12/31 |
Data Sources
The data used in our company analysis is from S&P Global Market Intelligence LLC. The following data is used in our analysis model to generate this report. Data is normalised which can introduce a delay from the source being available.
| Package | Data | Timeframe | Example US Source * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Company Financials | 10 years |
| |
| Analyst Consensus Estimates | +3 years |
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| Market Prices | 30 years |
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| Ownership | 10 years |
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| Management | 10 years |
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| Key Developments | 10 years |
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* Example for US securities, for non-US equivalent regulatory forms and sources are used.
Unless specified all financial data is based on a yearly period but updated quarterly. This is known as Trailing Twelve Month (TTM) or Last Twelve Month (LTM) Data. Learn more.
Analysis Model and Snowflake
Details of the analysis model used to generate this report is available on our Github page, we also have guides on how to use our reports and tutorials on Youtube.
Learn about the world class team who designed and built the Simply Wall St analysis model.
Industry and Sector Metrics
Our industry and section metrics are calculated every 6 hours by Simply Wall St, details of our process are available on Github.
Analyst Sources
The Trade Desk, Inc. is covered by 53 analysts. 36 of those analysts submitted the estimates of revenue or earnings used as inputs to our report. Analysts submissions are updated throughout the day.
| Analyst | Institution |
|---|---|
| Rocco Strauss | Arete Research Services LLP |
| Richard Kramer | Arete Research Services LLP |
| Vikram Kesavabhotla | Baird |