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Metrics Used in Calculation For CBOE Global Markets, I employed two-stage models for both DCF and DDM analysis given the company's established market position with potential for different growth phases: 1. Two-Stage Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Model Phase 1 (Years 1-10) : 8% free cash flow growth reflecting CBOE's strong market position and expanding derivatives business Phase 2 (Perpetual) : 3% growth rate aligned with long-term economic growth expectations Projects free cash flows over 10 years plus terminal value using perpetual growth model 2.

1. Global Payments Backbone with Scale & Reach Mastercard’s network processes over $8 trillion in annual purchase volume , powered by relationships with banks, merchants, businesses, and governments in more than 200 countries.

Based on the projections presented by the company on the investor day of March 31, 2025, we will assume 5-year fundamental projection for BlackRock based on its 2024 results and strategic targets: Assumptions Revenue CAGR : 10% annually, aligned with BlackRock’s 2030 ambition. Operating Margin : Maintained at 45% (as adjusted).

1. Continuous Product and Service Expansion DLocal emphasizes continuous investment in developing new products and services.

Key Takeaways PayPal is the online payments household brand benefiting from the positive trend in the E-commerce industry. Venmo’s sub-brand is a growth driver, which could reach over $2 billion in annual revenue by 2027.

Key Takeaways Well-positioned to benefit from the continued growth of digital payments and the international market Investing heavily in B2B and cross border payments for new revenue growth Has a wide moat, and a large serviceable market, but investor expectations are already high Additionally the Credit Card Competition Act could be a major negative catalyst Risks to my narrative include stronger than expected US consumer, and increased use of Visa network from future Fintech. Catalysts The Benefits of Visa’s Global Reach Visa processes more than $11.6 trillion in gross dollar volume (GDV), made up primarily of digital payments with the remainder being things like ATM withdrawals, B2B transactions, etc.

Berkshire has managed to find a balance between a diversified business and an alpha-rich portfolio. The company’s efficiency is reflected in its low risk, which also limits growth.

Key Takeaways Visa is a very high-quality business with an enviable market share and margins. New initiatives like Visa Direct will offset the loss of momentum from legacy growth drivers EPS growth will be driven by ‘higher for longer’ inflation, slightly wider margins, and buybacks.

PayPal exhibits a robust financial position with a substantial cash reserve and consistent profitability. The company's strong balance sheet enables investments in growth initiatives, irrespective of the prevailing economic conditions.