TRF (NSE:TRF) Seems To Use Debt Quite Sensibly

Legendary fund manager Li Lu (who Charlie Munger backed) once said, 'The biggest investment risk is not the volatility of prices, but whether you will suffer a permanent loss of capital.' When we think about how risky a company is, we always like to look at its use of debt, since debt overload can lead to ruin. We note that TRF Limited (NSE:TRF) does have debt on its balance sheet. But the real question is whether this debt is making the company risky.

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What Risk Does Debt Bring?

Generally speaking, debt only becomes a real problem when a company can't easily pay it off, either by raising capital or with its own cash flow. In the worst case scenario, a company can go bankrupt if it cannot pay its creditors. However, a more common (but still painful) scenario is that it has to raise new equity capital at a low price, thus permanently diluting shareholders. Having said that, the most common situation is where a company manages its debt reasonably well - and to its own advantage. The first thing to do when considering how much debt a business uses is to look at its cash and debt together.

What Is TRF's Net Debt?

The image below, which you can click on for greater detail, shows that at September 2025 TRF had debt of ₹1.22b, up from ₹1.09b in one year. However, it does have ₹2.15b in cash offsetting this, leading to net cash of ₹930.7m.

How Healthy Is TRF's Balance Sheet?

Zooming in on the latest balance sheet data, we can see that TRF had liabilities of ₹1.10b due within 12 months and liabilities of ₹1.48b due beyond that. Offsetting this, it had ₹2.15b in cash and ₹213.6m in receivables that were due within 12 months. So its liabilities outweigh the sum of its cash and (near-term) receivables by ₹209.3m.

Given TRF has a market capitalization of ₹3.49b, it's hard to believe these liabilities pose much threat. Having said that, it's clear that we should continue to monitor its balance sheet, lest it change for the worse. Despite its noteworthy liabilities, TRF boasts net cash, so it's fair to say it does not have a heavy debt load!

Check out our latest analysis for TRF

Unfortunately, TRF saw its EBIT slide 3.9% in the last twelve months. If that earnings trend continues then its debt load will grow heavy like the heart of a polar bear watching its sole cub. There's no doubt that we learn most about debt from the balance sheet. But it is TRF's earnings that will influence how the balance sheet holds up in the future. So when considering debt, it's definitely worth looking at the earnings trend. Click here for an interactive snapshot.

Finally, while the tax-man may adore accounting profits, lenders only accept cold hard cash. TRF may have net cash on the balance sheet, but it is still interesting to look at how well the business converts its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) to free cash flow, because that will influence both its need for, and its capacity to manage debt. Over the last three years, TRF actually produced more free cash flow than EBIT. That sort of strong cash conversion gets us as excited as the crowd when the beat drops at a Daft Punk concert.

Summing Up

We could understand if investors are concerned about TRF's liabilities, but we can be reassured by the fact it has has net cash of ₹930.7m. The cherry on top was that in converted 207% of that EBIT to free cash flow, bringing in ₹236m. So we are not troubled with TRF's debt use. There's no doubt that we learn most about debt from the balance sheet. But ultimately, every company can contain risks that exist outside of the balance sheet. Be aware that TRF is showing 3 warning signs in our investment analysis , you should know about...

When all is said and done, sometimes its easier to focus on companies that don't even need debt. Readers can access a list of growth stocks with zero net debt 100% free, right now.

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This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.