Here's Why China Graphite Group (HKG:2237) Has A Meaningful Debt Burden

Legendary fund manager Li Lu (who Charlie Munger backed) once said, 'The biggest investment risk is not the volatility of prices, but whether you will suffer a permanent loss of capital.' So it seems the smart money knows that debt - which is usually involved in bankruptcies - is a very important factor, when you assess how risky a company is. Importantly, China Graphite Group Limited (HKG:2237) does carry debt. But is this debt a concern to shareholders?

When Is Debt A Problem?

Generally speaking, debt only becomes a real problem when a company can't easily pay it off, either by raising capital or with its own cash flow. Part and parcel of capitalism is the process of 'creative destruction' where failed businesses are mercilessly liquidated by their bankers. However, a more common (but still painful) scenario is that it has to raise new equity capital at a low price, thus permanently diluting shareholders. Having said that, the most common situation is where a company manages its debt reasonably well - and to its own advantage. The first thing to do when considering how much debt a business uses is to look at its cash and debt together.

View our latest analysis for China Graphite Group

What Is China Graphite Group's Debt?

The image below, which you can click on for greater detail, shows that at June 2024 China Graphite Group had debt of CN¥126.7m, up from CN¥10.8m in one year. However, it does have CN¥94.9m in cash offsetting this, leading to net debt of about CN¥31.7m.

How Healthy Is China Graphite Group's Balance Sheet?

The latest balance sheet data shows that China Graphite Group had liabilities of CN¥166.6m due within a year, and liabilities of CN¥7.27m falling due after that. Offsetting this, it had CN¥94.9m in cash and CN¥107.2m in receivables that were due within 12 months. So it can boast CN¥28.3m more liquid assets than total liabilities.

This short term liquidity is a sign that China Graphite Group could probably pay off its debt with ease, as its balance sheet is far from stretched.

In order to size up a company's debt relative to its earnings, we calculate its net debt divided by its earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) divided by its interest expense (its interest cover). The advantage of this approach is that we take into account both the absolute quantum of debt (with net debt to EBITDA) and the actual interest expenses associated with that debt (with its interest cover ratio).

While China Graphite Group's low debt to EBITDA ratio of 0.96 suggests only modest use of debt, the fact that EBIT only covered the interest expense by 5.8 times last year does give us pause. So we'd recommend keeping a close eye on the impact financing costs are having on the business. Importantly, China Graphite Group's EBIT fell a jaw-dropping 81% in the last twelve months. If that decline continues then paying off debt will be harder than selling foie gras at a vegan convention. The balance sheet is clearly the area to focus on when you are analysing debt. But you can't view debt in total isolation; since China Graphite Group will need earnings to service that debt. So when considering debt, it's definitely worth looking at the earnings trend. Click here for an interactive snapshot.

Finally, a business needs free cash flow to pay off debt; accounting profits just don't cut it. So we always check how much of that EBIT is translated into free cash flow. Over the last three years, China Graphite Group saw substantial negative free cash flow, in total. While investors are no doubt expecting a reversal of that situation in due course, it clearly does mean its use of debt is more risky.

Our View

While China Graphite Group's conversion of EBIT to free cash flow makes us cautious about it, its track record of (not) growing its EBIT is no better. But its not so bad at managing its debt, based on its EBITDA,. Taking the abovementioned factors together we do think China Graphite Group's debt poses some risks to the business. So while that leverage does boost returns on equity, we wouldn't really want to see it increase from here. There's no doubt that we learn most about debt from the balance sheet. But ultimately, every company can contain risks that exist outside of the balance sheet. Case in point: We've spotted 4 warning signs for China Graphite Group you should be aware of, and 2 of them are concerning.

When all is said and done, sometimes its easier to focus on companies that don't even need debt. Readers can access a list of growth stocks with zero net debt 100% free, right now.

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This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.