お知らせ • Jun 08
AlloVir, Inc. Reports Blinded, Preliminary, Phase 2 Data Supporting the Ongoing Study of Posoleucel, a Multi-Virus-Specific T Cell Therapy, for the Treatment of BK Viremia in Kidney Transplant Recipients
AlloVir, Inc. announced preliminary, blinded data from an ongoing Phase 2 study of posoleucel, an investigational, allogeneic, off-the-shelf, multi-virus-specific T cell (VST) therapy, for the treatment of BK viremia (BKV) in adult kidney transplant recipients. These data from the largest study of T cell therapy in solid organ transplant patients presented to date, provide an early indication of the safety and tolerability profile of posoleucel in kidney transplant recipients with BK viremia, which is associated with reduced graft survival and has no approved treatment. In addition to the oral presentation on the study of posoleucel for the treatment of BK viremia, a compassionate use report on the administration of posoleucel in a kidney transplant recipient with Epstein-Barr virus-associated leiomyosarcoma was featured in a poster at ATC (Abstract 1000). Compassionate use case reports of ALVR109 administered to four immunocompromised patients with protracted COVID-19 infection, including two lung transplant recipients, were featured in a late-breaking presentation at ATC (Abstract 9011). This ongoing, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 study is evaluating the safety and tolerability of posoleucel for the treatment of BK viremia in 61 adult kidney transplant recipients with BK viremia between 350-10,000,000 copies/mL. Enrollment in the study has completed. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive one of two dosing regimens of posoleucel (weekly administration of posoleucel for three weeks then every two weeks, or weekly for three weeks then once a month) or placebo over a period of 12 weeks. Following this dosing period, patients are followed up through Week 24. At the time of the data cut-off for this preliminary blinded analysis, 61 patients had received at least one dose of posoleucel or placebo at a median of 458 days post-transplant, including 28 patients who had completed dosing, four patients who discontinued dosing due to resolution of BK viremia per protocol, and 12 patients who completed 26 weeks of the study. Of the 61 patients randomized, 56% (n=34) had a screening BK viral load under 10,000 copies/mL and 44% (n=27) had a screening BK viral load over 10,000 copies/mL. The primary study endpoint is safety and tolerability of posoleucel versus placebo. In this preliminary blinded analysis, headache, which was reported in six patients (10%), was the only adverse event judged by investigators to be related to study drug that occurred in more than 5% of patients. No grade 3-4 adverse events, treatment-related serious adverse events, treatment discontinuations due to adverse events, or deaths were reported. There were no cases of graft rejection and no episodes of graft versus host disease or cytokine release syndrome. One patient developed de novo donor-specific antibodies; these antibodies were not found to be directed against posoleucel antigens in the matching cell line. Overall kidney allograft function, as assessed by creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, remained stable. Reduction in immunosuppression occurred in six patients (10%) at the discretion of study investigators who agreed to follow protocol-defined guidelines. The key secondary endpoint of the study is change in BK viremia in patients receiving posoleucel versus those receiving placebo. Declines in median BK viral load were observed in this blinded dataset irrespective of the baseline BK viral load. At baseline, 34 patients had a viral load below 10,000 copies/mL. The median viral load in these 34 patients was 2,042 copies/mL on Day 1. Among the 14 patients who had reached the Week 12 timepoint at the time of this analysis, the median viral load had declined to 245 copies/mL. At baseline, 27 patients had a viral load above 10,000 copies/mL and the median viral load was 190,546 copies/mL at Day 1. Among the 14 patients who had reached the Week 12 timepoint at the time of this analysis, the median viral load had declined to 27,542 copies/mL. Exploratory study endpoints include posoleucel persistence by T cell receptor (TCR)-beta sequencing and the assessment of T cell expansion by ELISpot. Posoleucel VSTs were detected in the seven patients with available TCR sequencing data during the infusion period and for up to 12 weeks after the last infusion. Expansion of functional BK-specific VSTs were confirmed in six of these seven patients. Due to the long-term immunosuppression required to prevent graft rejection, solid organ transplant recipients are at high risk for reactivating common viruses that are typically controlled by the body’s natural immune system. Uncontrolled, these viruses can have devastating consequences. BK viremia is detected in up to 20% of kidney transplant recipients, with the majority of BK viremia occurring within the first one to two years post-transplant. Approximately half of patients with high-level BK viremia develop BKV nephropathy (BKVN), which can lead to decreased kidney survival and a return to end-stage renal disease and dialysis. There are no approved or effective antiviral treatments for BK viremia. Reduction in immunosuppression to allow the body’s immune system to fight the virus can also lead to graft rejection and the development of donor-specific antibodies. Data suggest that VST therapy may play a role in managing BK viremia and BKVN. Kidney transplant recipients who do not develop BKVN have been shown to have approximately 10-fold higher BKV-specific T-cell responses versus those with BKVN. Kidney transplant recipients with BK viremia who develop robust BKV-specific T-cell responses have also been shown to clear the virus, while those who progressed to BKVN required interventions such as reduction in immunosuppression. AlloVir’s lead product, posoleucel (Viralym-M, ALVR105), is in late-stage clinical development as an allogeneic, off-the-shelf, multi-virus-specific T cell therapy targeting six viral pathogens in immunocompromised individuals: adenovirus (AdV), BK virus (BKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and JC virus (JCV). In the positive, Phase 2, proof-of-concept CHARMS treatment study in allo-HCT patients, more than 90% of patients who did not respond to or could not tolerate conventional treatment had a complete or partial clinical response after receiving posoleucel. Of the 20 patients with BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) who were treated with posoleucel in the CHARMS study, 75% had resolution of HC by Week 6. In the ongoing Phase 2 study evaluating posoleucel for the prevention of clinically significant infections and disease caused by AdV, BKV, CMV, EBV, HHV-6 and JCV in allo-HCT patients, no patients developed BKV-associated HC. A Phase 3 trial of posoleucel for multi-virus prevention is ongoing.