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RIO strategy At a high level, RIO’s growth strategy is to diversify away from Iron ore into in-demand commodities. Specifically, copper, aluminum and lithium.

Catalysts Most Immediate Catalysts (1–2 Years) Resilient Demand for Life Sciences & Diagnostics – TMO is a key supplier for biotech, pharma, and research institutions, ensuring steady demand despite economic cycles. Cost Synergies from PPD Acquisition – The 2021 acquisition of PPD (clinical research services) is expected to enhance revenue synergies and margin expansion.

Hochschild Mining – Overview Location : South America Production (2025) : Gold: 250,000 oz Silver: 8 million oz (excluding Pallancata C&M) AISC (Break-even) : Gold: ~$1,850/oz Silver: ~$24/oz Cash Flow Margin at $4,000 gold / $100 silver : Strong Debt : $350M $100M due in 2024 $89M cash on hand $200M additional credit available New & Future Projects Mara Rosa (Brazil) : 80,000 oz/year (low cost) Started in 2024 Royropata (Peru) : 100,000 oz AUEQ (3M oz silver/year) Starts in 2028 Monte Do Carmo (Brazil) : 90,000 oz gold Permitting stage – expected 2028 Volcan (Chile) : 9 million oz gold (.7 gpt) Potential 330K oz/year AISC: ~$1,000 Capex: $900M Production could begin 2028–2030 Not included in cash flow estimate (optional upside or sale) Ownership 50% owned by one family Dividends are a priority Unlikely to sell – growth focus Valuation at $4,000 Gold / $100 Silver Assume production from 2028 with 400K oz gold & 10M oz silver: Gold FCF : 400,000 oz × ($4,000 – $1,850) = $860M Silver FCF : 10,000,000 oz × ($100 – $24) = $760M Total Annual FCF ≈ $1.62B Valuation at 10x FCF = $16.2B Conclusion If Hochschild Mining executes on new projects and gold reaches $4,000/oz, silver hits $100/oz, the company could be worth over $16 billion. However, high debt, permitting risks, and political red flags (Argentina, Peru, Chile) may keep valuation multiples conservative.