Fleet Modernization And Private Destinations Will Expand Global Reach

Key Takeaways

• Expansion of unique private destinations, innovative loyalty programs, and modernized ships strengthens guest experience, pricing power, and supports sustained revenue and margin growth.
  
• Effective capacity management and significant sustainability achievements enhance market appeal and long-term profitability while mitigating operational and reputational risks.
  
• Geopolitical instability, regulatory pressures, high debt, modernization costs, and evolving consumer trends threaten growth, margins, and operational flexibility for Carnival.

Catalysts

A cruise company, provides leisure travel services in North America, Australia, Europe, and internationally.

• Carnival's targeted expansion of private destinations, such as Celebration Key (launching July 2025) and the RelaxAway and Isla Tropicale upgrades, directly leverages sustained high demand for leisure travel among a growing global middle class. These unique, highly curated beach experiences provide pricing power over land-based alternatives and are set to significantly increase guest volumes and onboard/ancillary spend per passenger, driving both revenue and net margin growth.
  
• The rollout of a new, industry-first loyalty program in 2026, which includes rewarding total spend (including co-branded credit card purchases), is expected to deepen customer engagement and retention. This aligns with broad consumer adoption of digital tools for travel planning and booking, fostering lifetime value, enhancing direct marketing efficiency, and, after an initial accounting-related yield headwind, supporting accelerating revenue and yield growth from 2028 onward.
  
• Ongoing modernization of the fleet through programs such as AIDA Evolution and the addition of new, fuel-efficient Excel class and next-generation ships is improving guest experience, reducing operating costs, and enabling premium pricing, contributing to structural expansion of operating margins and improved net earnings.
  
• The company's disciplined capacity management-focusing on "same-ship" high-margin revenue growth amid limited newbuild additions and opportunistic fleet recycling-mitigates oversupply risk and enhances pricing power, supporting resilient long-term EBITDA margin and return on invested capital (ROIC) gains.
  
• Carnival's demonstrated progress on sustainability through a 20% reduction in carbon intensity (achieved ahead of plan), combined with strategic partnerships for unique destinations, positions the company to attract environmentally conscious and experience-driven travelers, broadening its addressable market and supporting future revenue growth and reputational strength.

Carnival Corporation & Future Earnings and Revenue Growth

Assumptions

• Analysts are assuming Carnival Corporation &'s revenue will grow by 3.8% annually over the next 3 years.
• Analysts assume that profit margins will increase from 9.7% today to 12.7% in 3 years time.
• Analysts expect earnings to reach $3.7 billion (and earnings per share of $2.68) by about September 2028, up from $2.5 billion today. The analysts are largely in agreement about this estimate.
• In order for the above numbers to justify the analysts price target, the company would need to trade at a PE ratio of 16.3x on those 2028 earnings, down from 16.4x today. This future PE is lower than the current PE for the US Hospitality industry at 23.9x.
• Analysts expect the number of shares outstanding to grow by 0.9% per year for the next 3 years.
• To value all of this in today's terms, we will use a discount rate of 10.41%, as per the Simply Wall St company report.

Carnival Corporation & Future Earnings Per Share Growth

Risks

• Elevated geopolitical instability-particularly conflicts in regions like the Middle East-creates volatility and unpredictability in bookings and itinerary planning, potentially lowering revenues and eroding consumer confidence in the long-term.
  
• Carnival's ongoing need for significant capital expenditures to modernize and expand its fleet, coupled with relatively moderate pipeline growth (only three ships in next four years), could strain free cash flow and limit returns on invested capital if older vessels require more costly upgrades or are slow to retire, negatively impacting margins and earnings.
  
• While the company is actively deleveraging, its substantial debt load from pandemic-related borrowing remains a risk, as high interest expenses and refinancing obligations constrain net margins and reduce financial flexibility over the next several years.
  
• The delayed revenue recognition from the new Carnival Rewards loyalty program (starting in 2026), due to accounting rules requiring revenue deferral, is projected to temporarily lower reported yields and could mask underlying growth in the short-to-medium term, thus impacting perceived earnings and valuation by investors.
  
• Heightened exposure to climate regulation, environmental sustainability pressures, and changing consumer preferences towards eco-friendly travel may result in increased operational costs and reduced demand for cruising over the long run, potentially constraining top-line growth and squeezing net margins.

Valuation

• The analysts have a consensus price target of $33.091 for Carnival Corporation & based on their expectations of its future earnings growth, profit margins and other risk factors. However, there is a degree of disagreement amongst analysts, with the most bullish reporting a price target of $43.0, and the most bearish reporting a price target of just $24.0.
• In order for you to agree with the analyst's consensus, you'd need to believe that by 2028, revenues will be $29.0 billion, earnings will come to $3.7 billion, and it would be trading on a PE ratio of 16.3x, assuming you use a discount rate of 10.4%.
• Given the current share price of $31.57, the analyst price target of $33.09 is 4.6% higher. The relatively low difference between the current share price and the analyst consensus price target indicates that they believe on average, the company is fairly priced.
• We always encourage you to reach your own conclusions though. So sense check these analyst numbers against your own assumptions and expectations based on your understanding of the business and what you believe is probable.