New Risk • May 04
New major risk - Financial position The company has less than a year of cash runway based on its current free cash flow trend. Free cash flow: -€2.4m This is considered a major risk. With less than a year's worth of cash, the company will need to raise capital or take on debt unless its cash flows improve. This would dilute existing shareholders or increase balance sheet risk. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Less than 1 year of cash runway based on free cash flow trend (-€2.4m free cash flow). Shares are highly illiquid. Market cap is less than US$10m (€5.61m market cap, or US$6.57m). Reported Earnings • May 01
First quarter 2026 earnings released: €0.07 loss per share (vs €0.02 loss in 1Q 2025) First quarter 2026 results: €0.07 loss per share (further deteriorated from €0.02 loss in 1Q 2025). Revenue: €11.2m (down 7.4% from 1Q 2025). Net loss: €1.44m (loss widened 211% from 1Q 2025). Revenue is forecast to grow 3.1% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 8.7% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 31% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 37% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings. Duyuru • Mar 26
Solteq Oyj Announces Board and Committee Changes Solteq Oyj announced that The Annual General Meeting resolved to elect 5 members to the Board of Directors. The Annual General Meeting resolved to elect the following members to the Board of Directors according to the proposal of the Shareholders' Nomination Committee: Markku Pietilä, Lotta Airas, Anni Sarvaranta, Mika Sutinen, and Esko Mertsalmi. In its organizing meeting after the Annual General Meeting, the Board of Directors elected Markku Pietilä as its chairman. Mika Sutinen, Anni Sarvaranta and Markku Pietilä were elected as members of the Audit Committee. Mika Sutinen acts as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Reported Earnings • Feb 15
Full year 2025 earnings released: €0.07 loss per share (vs €0.062 loss in FY 2024) Full year 2025 results: €0.07 loss per share (further deteriorated from €0.062 loss in FY 2024). Revenue: €47.0m (down 7.5% from FY 2024). Net loss: €1.37m (loss widened 13% from FY 2024). Revenue is forecast to grow 3.5% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 8.5% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 32% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 33% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings. Duyuru • Feb 12
Solteq Oyj Provides Earnings Guidance for the Year 2026 Solteq Oyj provided earnings guidance for the year 2026. For the year, company expected Comparable revenue remains at the same level and comparable operating result improves clearly. Duyuru • Dec 19
Solteq Plc Announces Lotta Kopra and Markus Huttunen are Unavailable to Continue as Board Members Solteq Plc announced that of the current Board members, Lotta Kopra and Markus Huttunen have announced that they are unavailable to continue in their roles as Board members. New Risk • Nov 25
New major risk - Market cap size The company's market capitalization is less than US$10m. Market cap: €8.63m (US$9.97m) This is considered a major risk. Companies with a small market capitalization are most likely businesses that have not yet released a product to market or are simply a very small company without a wide reach. Either way, risk is elevated with these companies because there is a chance the product may not come to fruition or the company's addressable market or demand may not be as large as expected. In addition, if the company's size is the main factor, it is less likely to have many investors and analysts following it and scrutinizing its performance and outlook. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Interest payments are not well covered by earnings (0.6x net interest cover). Market cap is less than US$10m (€8.63m market cap, or US$9.97m). Minor Risk Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (7.2% average weekly change). Reported Earnings • Oct 31
Third quarter 2025 earnings released: €0.03 loss per share (vs €0.03 loss in 3Q 2024) Third quarter 2025 results: €0.03 loss per share (in line with 3Q 2024). Revenue: €10.4m (down 9.0% from 3Q 2024). Net loss: €660.0k (loss widened 12% from 3Q 2024). Revenue is forecast to grow 2.7% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 8.4% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 19% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 28% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings. Duyuru • Sep 25
Solteq Oyj, Annual General Meeting, Mar 26, 2026 Solteq Oyj, Annual General Meeting, Mar 26, 2026. Reported Earnings • Aug 22
Second quarter 2025 earnings released: €0.001 loss per share (vs €0.03 loss in 2Q 2024) Second quarter 2025 results: €0.001 loss per share (improved from €0.03 loss in 2Q 2024). Revenue: €12.3m (down 7.9% from 2Q 2024). Net loss: €14.0k (loss narrowed 97% from 2Q 2024). Revenue is forecast to grow 5.0% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 8.7% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 11% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 32% per year, which means it is performing significantly worse than earnings. Board Change • May 14
High number of new directors There are 5 new directors who have joined the board in the last 3 years. Independent Director Markus Huttunen was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2025. The company’s lack of board continuity is considered a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. Reported Earnings • May 01
First quarter 2025 earnings released: €0.02 loss per share (vs €0.04 loss in 1Q 2024) First quarter 2025 results: €0.02 loss per share (improved from €0.04 loss in 1Q 2024). Revenue: €12.2m (down 10.0% from 1Q 2024). Net loss: €462.0k (loss narrowed 35% from 1Q 2024). Revenue is forecast to grow 4.5% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 8.0% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 43% per year whereas the company’s share price has fallen by 40% per year. Board Change • Apr 22
High number of new directors There are 5 new directors who have joined the board in the last 3 years. Independent Director Markus Huttunen was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2025. The company’s lack of board continuity is considered a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. Board Change • Apr 19
High number of new directors There are 5 new directors who have joined the board in the last 3 years. Independent Director Markus Huttunen was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2025. The company’s lack of board continuity is considered a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. Duyuru • Mar 27
Solteq Plc Approves Board and Audit Committee Appointments Solteq Plc at its Annual General Meeting held on 27 March 2025, resolved to elect Lotta Kopra and Markus Huttunen as members to the Board of Directors. In its organizing meeting after the Annual General Meeting, announced Mika Sutinen, Lotta Kopra and Markku Pietilä were elected as members of the Audit Committee. Mika Sutinen acts as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Board Change • Mar 18
High number of new directors Director Lotta Airas was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2024. Duyuru • Jan 24
Solteq Oyj Announces Katarina Cantell and Panu Porkka Will Not Continue in their Roles as Board Members Solteq Oyj has announced that Katarina Cantell and Panu Porkka will not continue in their roles as Board members. Duyuru • Nov 26
Solteq Plc's Announces Resignation of Jesper Boye as Executive Vice President of Retail & Commerce Segment Solteq Plc's announced resignation of Jesper Boye. He will leave his current duties as the head of the Retail & Commerce segment immediately, buthe will continue with the company until the end of 2024. The Board of Directors of Solteq Plc has assigned the interim leadership of the Retail & Commerce segment to the company's CFO, Mikko Sairanen. He will assume the new responsibilities immediately alongside his current duties. The company will commence the search for a new EVP for Retail & Commerce. Solteq Plc' Executive Team consists of the following members as of November 26, 2024: Aarne Aktan, CEO, EVP of the Utilities segment; Mikko Sairanen, CFO, Interim EVP of the Retail & Commerce segment; Oona Silén, VP of People and Culture; Christa Tavan, Director of Marketing and Communications. Duyuru • Nov 07
Solteq Oyj to Report Fiscal Year 2024 Final Results on Mar 05, 2025 Solteq Oyj announced that they will report fiscal year 2024 final results on Mar 05, 2025 Duyuru • Oct 23
Solteq Oyj Revises Earnings Guidance for the Year 2024 Solteq Oyj revised earnings guidance for the year 2024. For the period, Company expects comparable revenue to diminish relative to the comparison period and operating result to be positive. The comparable revenue was EUR 54,183 thousand for the financial year 2023 compared to the previous earnings guidance of comparable revenue to grow and the operating result to be positive. The comparable revenue was EUR 54,183 thousand for the financial year 2023. Duyuru • Apr 03
Solteq Plc Announces Resignation of Jaakko Hirvensalo as EVP of Utilities and Member of the Executive Team Solteq Plc's EVP of Utilities and member of the Executive Team, Jaakko Hirvensalo, has announced his resignation. Hirvensalo will continue in his current position and as a member of the Executive Team until the end of April 2024. Jaakko Hirvensalo has been employed by the company since 2021, joining the company after the business transfer agreement between Partiture Oy and Solteq. Hirvensalo has served in his current role as the EVP of the Utilities segment and a member of Solteq Group's Executive Team since January 1, 2023. The company will start the process of finding a new EVP for Utilities at once. Duyuru • Mar 27
Solteq plc Appoints Lotta Airas as Board of Directors Solteq PLC at its AGM held on 27 March 2024, approved appointment of Lotta Airas as Board of Directors. Duyuru • Feb 24
Solteq Oyj to Report Fiscal Year 2023 Results on Mar 05, 2024 Solteq Oyj announced that they will report fiscal year 2023 results on Mar 05, 2024 Duyuru • Feb 16
Solteq Oyj Provides Revenue Guidance for the Year 2023 Solteq Oyj provided revenue guidance for the year 2023. For the period, the company expects the comparable revenue to grow and the operating result to be positive. The comparable revenue was EUR 54,183,000 for the financial year 2023. Duyuru • Feb 03
Solteq Plc's Announces Changes in Executive Team Solteq Oyj announced the composition of the Executive Team of company changes as of February 2, 2024. With the change, Kari Lehtosalo, the company's CFO and member of the Executive Team since 2019, will step down from his position by mutual agreement. The Board of Directors of Solteq Plc has appointed LL.M. Mikko Sairanen (b. 1985) as the company's new CFO. He will also continue in his role as the company's General Counsel. Solteq Plc' Executive Team consist of the following members from February 2, 2024, on: CEO Aarne Aktan; EVP of Solteq Retail & Commerce Jesper Boye; EVP of Solteq Utilities Jaakko Hirvensalo; CFO, General Counsel Mikko Sairanen; VP of People and Culture Oona Silén; Director of Marketing and Communications Christa Tavan. Duyuru • Feb 02
Solteq Plc Announces CFO Changes Solteq plc announced that composition of the Executive Team of company changes as of February 2, 2024. With the change, Kari Lehtosalo, the company's CFO and member of the Executive Team since 2019, will step down from his position by mutual agreement. The Board of Directors of Solteq Plc has appointed LL.M. Mikko Sairanen (b. 1985) as the company's new CFO. He will also continue in his role as the company's General Counsel. Mikko Sairanen, stepping into his new role, has served as the General Counsel since 2014 and as a member of the current Executive Team. He is an experienced corporate law expert, and he has worked in the company since 2014. Duyuru • Dec 20
Solteq plc Updates Earnings Guidance for the Full Year 2023 Solteq Plc updated earnings guidance for the full year 2023. As a result of the write-off, the company updates its profit guidance for 2023: The companies revenue is expected to be EUR 57-59 million and operating result to be negative, excluding the one-time profit recognition of EUR 8 million on the sale of the Group's ERP business based on Microsoft BC and LS Retail solutions and the one-time EUR 6.3 million product development investment write-off. The previous profit guidance for 2023 was: Solteq's revenue is expected to be EUR 57-59 million and operating result to be negative, excluding the one-time profit recognition of EUR 8 million on the sale of the Group's ERP business based on Microsoft BC and LS Retail solutions. Duyuru • Oct 12
Solteq Plc to Reduce the Number of Employees Working for the Utilities Software Business Solteq Plc has completed the change negotiations concerning the Utilities segment. The change negotiations were initiated on August 29, 2023, to improve the profitability and operational efficiency of the segment’s software business. The negotiations concerned the entire personnel of the Utilities software business. As a result of efficiency and cost savings measures to be implemented, the company estimates to achieve annual cost savings of approximately EUR 3.8 million in total. The majority of cost savings are expected to be realized for 2024. The efficiency and cost savings measures are not expected to affect the result of 2023 significantly. At the beginning of the negotiations, the company estimated that the potential measures, if implemented, could lead to a termination of employment of up to 40 people in Finland and changes in the terms of employment for the entire personnel under the negotiations. As a result of the negotiations, the number of employees working for the Utilities software business will reduce, at most, by 39 due to resignations and lay-offs. In addition, the company will implement cost savings and reduction measures in other group companies. With the renewed organizational structure and operational model, the company aims to create a foundation for a more agile and profitable Utilities business. The long-term target for the segment’s annual growth is a minimum of 15% for revenue and 18% for operating result margin. Duyuru • Sep 20
Solteq Plc Revises Earnings Guidance for the Year 2023 Solteq Plc revised earnings guidance for the year 2023. For the year, the company lowers its profit guidance due to weaker financial performance than previously estimated in both segments. The guidance is lowered for the Group's revenue and operating result. The new profit guidance for 2023 is: revenue is expected to be EUR 57 million - EUR 59 million and operating result to be negative, excluding the one-time profit recognition of EUR 8 million on the sale of the Group's ERP business based on Microsoft BC and LS Retail solutions. The previous profit guidance for 2023 was: revenue is expected to be EUR 60 million - EUR 62 million and operating result to be slightly negative, excluding the one-time profit recognition of EUR 8 million on the sale of the Group's ERP business based on Microsoft BC and LS Retail solutions. Duyuru • Sep 07
Solteq Oyj Appoints Members of Shareholders' Nomination Committee Solteq Oyj members of Shareholders’ Nomination Committee of Solteq Plc have been appointed. The Shareholders’ Nomination Committee of Solteq Plc consists of representatives of the four shareholders, registered on August 31, 2023. The following representatives have been nominated to the Shareholders’ Nomination Committee of Solteq Plc: Markku Pietilä, Chairman of the Board, nominated by Profiz Business Solution Oy (10.98% shares and votes); Jukka Vähäpesola, Head of Equities, nominated by Keskinäinen Työeläkevakuutusyhtiö Elo (10.31% shares and votes); Karoliina Lindroos, Head of Responsible Investment and Sustainability, nominated by Keskinäinen Eläkevakuutusyhtiö Ilmarinen (8.51% shares and votes); Hanna Kaskela, Senior Vice President of Sustainability & Communications, nominated by Keskinäinen työeläkevakuutusyhtiö Varma (7.97% shares and votes). The Nomination Committee prepares proposals regarding the election and remuneration of the members of the Board of Directors to the Annual General Meeting. The newly appointed Shareholders’ Nomination Committee submits its proposals to the Board of Directors no later than January 31, 2024. Reported Earnings • Aug 24
Second quarter 2023 earnings released: EPS: €0.19 (vs €0.005 loss in 2Q 2022) Second quarter 2023 results: EPS: €0.19 (up from €0.005 loss in 2Q 2022). Revenue: €22.7m (up 26% from 2Q 2022). Net income: €3.67m (up €3.76m from 2Q 2022). Profit margin: 16% (up from net loss in 2Q 2022). Revenue is forecast to grow 3.5% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 8.4% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Duyuru • Aug 23
Solteq Oyj Provides Earnings Guidance for the Year 2023 Solteq Oyj provided earnings guidance for the year 2023. For the period, Company expects revenue to be EUR 60 million to EUR 62 million and operating result to be slightly negative excluding the one-time profit recognition of EUR 8 million on the sale of the Group's ERP business based on Microsoft BC and LS Retail solutions. Reported Earnings • May 10
First quarter 2023 earnings released: EPS: €0.01 (vs €0.04 in 1Q 2022) First quarter 2023 results: EPS: €0.01 (down from €0.04 in 1Q 2022). Revenue: €16.9m (down 12% from 1Q 2022). Net income: €204.0k (down 74% from 1Q 2022). Profit margin: 1.2% (down from 4.1% in 1Q 2022). Revenue is forecast to grow 5.1% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 7.7% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Duyuru • May 05
Solteq Oyj Provides Earnings Guidance for the Full Year 2023 Solteq Oyj provided earnings guidance for the full year 2023. Revenue is expected to be EUR 60-62 million and operating result to be slightly negative excluding the one-time profit recognition of EUR 8 million on the sale of the Group's ERP business based on Microsoft BC and LS Retail solutions. Reported Earnings • Feb 17
Full year 2022 earnings released: €0.28 loss per share (vs €0.21 profit in FY 2021) Full year 2022 results: €0.28 loss per share (down from €0.21 profit in FY 2021). Revenue: €68.6m (flat on FY 2021). Net loss: €5.40m (down 232% from profit in FY 2021). Revenue is forecast to grow 5.5% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 9.0% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Duyuru • Feb 16
Solteq Oyj Provides Earnings Guidance for the Full Year 2023 Solteq Oyj provided earnings guidance for the full year 2023. For the period, the company expects revenue to remain on the same level. Duyuru • Jan 28
Solteq plc Announces Management Changes The board of directors of Solteq Plc has appointed Oona Silén (b.1981) as VP of People and Culture and a member of the Executive Team of the company as of February 6, 2023. Silén is currently working as Head of HRat SYNLAB Finland Oy and has extensive experience in HR management. The current VP of People and Culture of Solteq, Kirsi Jalasaho, will continue in her position until January 31, 2023. Reported Earnings • Nov 01
Third quarter 2022 earnings released: €0.23 loss per share (vs €0.03 profit in 3Q 2021) Third quarter 2022 results: €0.23 loss per share (down from €0.03 profit in 3Q 2021). Revenue: €14.4m (down 3.6% from 3Q 2021). Net loss: €4.45m (down €4.94m from profit in 3Q 2021). Revenue is forecast to grow 4.9% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 9.0% growth forecast for the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Sep 20
Investor sentiment deteriorated over the past week After last week's 19% share price decline to €1.35, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 8x. Average forward P/E is 31x in the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Total loss to shareholders of 75% over the past year. Reported Earnings • Aug 12
Second quarter 2022 earnings released: €0.006 loss per share (vs €0.08 profit in 2Q 2021) Second quarter 2022 results: €0.006 loss per share (down from €0.08 profit in 2Q 2021). Revenue: €18.0m (down 2.9% from 2Q 2021). Net loss: €90.0k (down 106% from profit in 2Q 2021). Over the next year, revenue is forecast to grow 9.9%, compared to a 21% growth forecast for the industry in the United Kingdom. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Aug 11
Investor sentiment deteriorated over the past week After last week's 17% share price decline to €1.90, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 11x. Average forward P/E is 35x in the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Total loss to shareholders of 70% over the past year. Reported Earnings • May 01
First quarter 2022 earnings released: EPS: €0.04 (vs €0.08 in 1Q 2021) First quarter 2022 results: EPS: €0.04 (down from €0.08 in 1Q 2021). Revenue: €19.3m (up 11% from 1Q 2021). Net income: €795.0k (down 45% from 1Q 2021). Profit margin: 4.1% (down from 8.4% in 1Q 2021). The decrease in margin was driven by higher expenses. Over the next year, revenue is forecast to grow 9.8%, compared to a 28% growth forecast for the industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 43% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 28% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Feb 28
Investor sentiment deteriorated over the past week After last week's 24% share price decline to €3.23, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 14x. Average forward P/E is 35x in the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Total returns to shareholders of 146% over the past three years. Reported Earnings • Feb 18
Full year 2021 earnings: EPS in line with expectations, revenues disappoint Full year 2021 results: EPS: €0.21 (up from €0.10 in FY 2020). Revenue: €69.2m (up 14% from FY 2020). Net income: €4.10m (up 107% from FY 2020). Profit margin: 5.9% (up from 3.3% in FY 2020). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue. Revenue missed analyst estimates by 1.6%. Over the next year, revenue is forecast to grow 10%, compared to a 29% growth forecast for the industry in the United Kingdom. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 55% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 45% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Duyuru • Jan 05
Solteq Oyj (HLSE:SOLTEQ) signed an agreement to acquire Enerity Solutions Oy for €4.5 million. Solteq Oyj (HLSE:SOLTEQ) signed an agreement to acquire Enerity Solutions Oy for €4.5 million on January 3, 2022. The consideration is on a debt-free basis. For the year 2021, Enerity Solutions Oy reported turnover of approximately €2.2 million and an operating profit of €0.3 million. 150 employees of Enerity Solutions Oy will join Solteq. The transaction is expected to close in first half of 2022. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Nov 04
Investor sentiment deteriorated over the past week After last week's 19% share price decline to €4.43, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 12x. Average forward P/E is 37x in the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Total returns to shareholders of 242% over the past three years. Simply Wall St's valuation model estimates the intrinsic value at €8.04 per share. Reported Earnings • Oct 29
Third quarter 2021 earnings released: EPS €0.03 (vs €0.03 in 3Q 2020) The company reported a soft third quarter result with weaker earnings and profit margins, although revenues improved. Third quarter 2021 results: Revenue: €14.9m (up 11% from 3Q 2020). Net income: €490.0k (down 9.1% from 3Q 2020). Profit margin: 3.3% (down from 4.0% in 3Q 2020). The decrease in margin was driven by higher expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 67% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 47% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Reported Earnings • Aug 13
Second quarter 2021 earnings released: EPS €0.08 (vs €0.04 in 2Q 2020) The company reported a strong second quarter result with improved earnings, revenues and profit margins. Second quarter 2021 results: Revenue: €18.5m (up 23% from 2Q 2020). Net income: €1.55m (up 99% from 2Q 2020). Profit margin: 8.4% (up from 5.2% in 2Q 2020). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 81% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 63% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • May 06
Investor sentiment improved over the past week After last week's 28% share price gain to €6.62, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 21x. Average forward P/E is 36x in the Software industry in the United Kingdom. Total returns to shareholders of 374% over the past three years. Simply Wall St's valuation model estimates the intrinsic value at €10.97 per share. Reported Earnings • May 02
First quarter 2021 earnings released: EPS €0.08 (vs €0.002 in 1Q 2020) The company reported a strong first quarter result with improved earnings, revenues and profit margins. First quarter 2021 results: Revenue: €17.4m (up 11% from 1Q 2020). Net income: €1.46m (up €1.42m from 1Q 2020). Profit margin: 8.4% (up from 0.3% in 1Q 2020). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 90% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 59% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Duyuru • Apr 28
Solteq plc Revises Upwards Its Earnings Guidance for 2021 Solteq Plc revised upwards its earnings guidance for 2021 due to better-than-expected performance during the beginning of the year. New guidance for 2021: company's revenue is expected to grow clearly and operating profit to improve clearly. Previous guidance for 2021 was: company's revenue is expected to grow clearly and operating profit to improve. The company's long-term financial goals remain unchanged. 
