New Risk • Jul 06
New major risk - Negative shareholders equity The company has negative equity. Total equity: -UK£1.8m This is considered a major risk. Being in negative equity means that the company's liabilities exceed its assets, meaning it owes more to creditors than it has in owned assets. While this doesn't mean the company is about to collapse, in the long-term, this is unsustainable. The company may have issues meeting financial obligations, is at risk of becoming insolvent and may have difficulty raising capital, especially more debt, if needed. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (16% average weekly change). Negative equity (-UK£1.8m). Earnings have declined by 1.8% per year over the past 5 years. Shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year (127% increase in shares outstanding). Revenue is less than US$1m (UK£98k revenue, or US$131k). Minor Risk Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£13.0m market cap, or US$17.4m). Announcement • Jun 19
Valereum Plc Publishes Valereum Vox Issue 5 Featuring Sneak Peek Of VLRM Markets Rebrand And Voice Note On Legal Layer Valereum Plc announced that the latest edition of Valereum Vox is now available on the Company's website. Issue 5 includes: Sneak Peek - VLRM Markets Rebrand and VOICE NOTE: Carmen on the Legal Layer. Future issues will be published in our dedicated Vox News section. The blog is non-regulatory and the information contained in it is not expected to have a material impact on management's expectations of the Company's future performance. Announcement • May 23
Valereum plc Announces Valereum Vox Issue 3 Publication Valereum Plc announced that the latest edition of Valereum Vox is now available on the Company's website. Issue 3 highlights: The £1,050,000 raise, Daos Hub Digital Assets Week, VLRM Markets Rebrand in the Pipe, TradFi Shift makes Global Headlines. Future issues will be published in the dedicated Vox News section. The blog is non-regulatory and the information contained in it is not expected to have a material impact on management's expectations of the Company's future performance. Please refer to the full disclaimer. Board Change • May 20
No independent directors There are 6 new directors who have joined the board in the last 3 years. Of these new board members, none were independent directors. The company's board is composed of: 6 new directors. 1 experienced director. No highly experienced directors. No independent directors (6 non-independent directors). Director of Investor Relations & Director Peter Sekhon is the most experienced director on the board, commencing their role in 2023. The following issues are considered to be risks according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model: Lack of independent directors. Lack of board continuity. Lack of experienced directors. Announcement • May 16
Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £1.05 million. Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £1.05 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 32,500,000
Price\Range: £0.02
Security Features: Attached Warrants
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 20,000,000
Price\Range: £0.02
Security Features: Attached Warrants
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing Announcement • Nov 19
Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.6 million. Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.6 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 12,000,000
Price\Range: £0.05
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing Board Change • Oct 27
No independent directors There are 6 new directors who have joined the board in the last 3 years. Of these new board members, none were independent directors. The company's board is composed of: 6 new directors. 1 experienced director. No highly experienced directors. No independent directors (6 non-independent directors). Director of Investor Relations & Director Peter Sekhon is the most experienced director on the board, commencing their role in 2023. The following issues are considered to be risks according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model: Lack of independent directors. Lack of board continuity. Lack of experienced directors. Announcement • Oct 08
Valereum Plc Provides VLRM Markets' Post Launch Update Valereum Plc provided an update on the progress of VLRM Markets, the Company's regulated tokenisation marketplace, as it marks four months since its launch on 30 May 2025. Since launch, VLRM Markets has achieved commercial traction, having commenced revenue generation, built a compliant tokenisation infrastructure, onboarded issuers and expanded its partner and ambassador network.Key highlights for the first four months include: Revenues of $135,000 generated in September 2025. Five signed contracts covering six tokenisation projects across infrastructure, structured products, sports, real estate, debt and equity instruments, which are expected to generate revenues of at least $750,000 before the end of first quarter 2026. A developing pipeline with four further contracts under active negotiation and more than 20 projects at the active engagement stage, with potential combined gross issuance value of tokenised assets exceeding $1 billion USD, subject to these contracts being converted into binding agreements. Successful pilot issuance of the FIRM Token as a proof-of-concept real-world asset ("RWA") tokenisation project. An expanding network of partners and ambassadors originating deal flow. Together, these achievements establish a strong commercial foundation and demonstrate growing momentum towards achieving Valereum's goal of becoming a leading venue for regulated tokenisation of RWAs. Signed tokenisation projects span multiple sectors and issuance types, reflecting VLRM Markets' ability to execute both private and public deals across diverse asset classes: Structured Project (Private Issuance): $9 million transaction secured and being finalised. Infrastructure Project (Public Issuance): initial tranche targeted at $38 million, with a substantial secondary raise planned for 2026 and beyond. Ride Challenger (Public Issuance): target raise up to $12 million USD, with $6 million underwritten privately. Club Deportivo FAS (football club): tokenisation of ownership equity (Private Issuance) plus a Sports City Development raise (Public Issuance) — fundraising amounts to be confirmed. Fast Food Restaurant Chain (Public Issuance): debt capital raise. Valereum's pipeline is advancing through contract negotiations including a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding on a several hundred million USD multi-jurisdictional real estate transaction spanning El Salvador, Guatemala, and the United States, alongside partnerships with leading Salvadoran private developers and structured opportunities for regional investment firms. In parallel, VLRM Markets is actively progressing opportunities across diverse sectors, including: Commodities and mining projects in the Americas and Africa; Film production tokenisation initiatives; High-profile real estate developments; Football club tokenisation projects across multiple markets; Sustainable infrastructure ventures; Hospitality and tourism projects in El Salvador. VLRM Markets has built a robust partner and ambassador network spanning El Salvador, the USA, the UK, and Central America, UAE (including the recently announced partnership with ZIGChain), supported by legal and advisory relationships in key jurisdictions. This network is already proving instrumental in originating and securing both buy-side and sell-side opportunities, positioning VLRM Markets to accelerate growth and capture high-value tokenisation projects across multiple regions. Announcement • Aug 15
Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.064832 million. Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.064832 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 2,091,362
Price\Range: £0.031
Transaction Features: Regulation S Announcement • Aug 12
Valereum Plc has filed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.1 million. Valereum Plc has filed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.1 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 3,225,806
Price\Range: £0.031 Announcement • Aug 04
Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.4 million. Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.4 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 12,903,226
Price\Range: £0.031
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing Announcement • Jul 29
An undisclosed buyer completed the acquisition of 4.70% stake in London BTC Company Limited (LSE:BTC) from Valereum Plc (OFEX:VLRM) for £1.8 million An undisclosed buyer agreed to acquire 4.70% stake in London BTC Company Limited (LSE:BTC) from Valereum Plc (OFEX:VLRM) for £1.8 million on July 29, 2025. A cash consideration of £1.76 million valued at £0.01 per share will be paid by the buyer. As part of consideration, £1.76 million is paid towards common equity of London BTC Company Limited.
An undisclosed buyer completed the acquisition of 4.70% stake in London BTC Company Limited (LSE:BTC) from Valereum Plc (OFEX:VLRM) on July 29, 2025. Announcement • Jun 10
Valereum Plc, Annual General Meeting, Jul 07, 2025 Valereum Plc, Annual General Meeting, Jul 07, 2025. Location: madison building, midtown, suite 16, queensway, gx11 1aa, Gibraltar Announcement • Jun 09
Valereum plc Reaches the Demo Ready of the Bridge V1 DFMI Valereum Plc announced it has reached the demo readiness phase of The Bridge V1 DFMI (Digital Financial Market Infrastructure), a proprietary and innovative technology solution for capital markets, developed in partnership with Securities & Trading Technology (STT). After more than 5 years in development and a multi-million pound investment, this is a momentous step forward in Valereum's mission to revolutionise global market infrastructure. The Bridge platform integrates the issuance, trading, settlement, and custody of tokenised assets, offering "T- Instant" settlement to eliminate the inefficiencies inherent in traditional financial systems. This demo enables Valereum to showcase its technology to clients and partners, and develop licensing opportunities with financial institutions and digital asset players to explore bringing the platform to market. The Bridge is designed to address critical inefficiencies in legacy financial systems by: Reducing transaction costs and unlocking capital tied up in central counterparties; Eliminating credit, counterparty, and replacement cost risks through pre-funded, instant settlement. As a comprehensive and secure DFMI, The Bridge is designed to deliver unprecedented efficiency, transparency, and accessibility. It is testament to Valereum's commitment to driving the next wave of innovation in tokenised markets. Announcement • May 08
Valereum Plc has filed a Follow-on Equity Offering. Valereum Plc has filed a Follow-on Equity Offering.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing Announcement • Apr 24
Valereum plc Announces VLRM Markets S.A. De C.V. to Commence Operations, Open Its Real-World Asset (RWA) Platform and Launch Its V-Wallet Valereum Plc announced that it has instructed VLRM Markets S.A. de C.V. (VLRM Markets), a subsidiary of Valereum Plc, to commence operations, open its Real-World Asset (RWA) Platform and launch its V-Wallet. VLRM Markets is licensed and regulated as a Digital Asset Service Provider (DASP) by the Comision Nacional de Activos Digitales (CNAD) in El Salvador. Its license enables VLRM Markets to operate a comprehensive RWA ecosystem under El Salvador's progressive regulatory framework, including: RWA Platform - A platform for digital asset creation, primary issuance, and secondary trading of tokenised real-world assets. VLRM Markets is building a growing network of prospective issuers in multiple jurisdictions and, in particular, Central America (including Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama and El Salvador), spanning industries such as real estate, infrastructure, transportation, hospitality, hotel and leisure, food and beverages, the arts, sports (various), agriculture, and more. Operations are expected to commence during May 2025, with both the RWA Platform and V-Wallet becoming operational. New Risk • Mar 02
New minor risk - Financial data availability The company's latest financial reports are more than 6 months old. Last reported fiscal period ended December 2023. This is considered a minor risk. If the company has not reported its earnings on time, it may have been delayed due to audit problems or it may be finding it difficult to reconcile its accounts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (16% average weekly change). Shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year (66% increase in shares outstanding). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported December 2023 fiscal period end). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£36.3m market cap, or US$45.7m). Announcement • Dec 19
Valereum plc Announces Partner and Ambassador Programs, RWA Pipeline and Utility Integration of GATE Valereum Plc announced the launch of its Partner and Ambassador Programs, along with the commencement of its RWA Pipeline and Utility Integration, marking a significant milestone in its mission to lead the tokenisation of real world assets (RWAs). These programs are designed to foster collaboration, expand market reach, and drive innovation within the digital asset space, contributing to the growth of the RWA Pipeline. The Partner Program targets individuals and organizations that will serve as industry experts and strategic connectors; source admission prospects and represent industry-specific issuers; promote tokenisation and collaborate with the expansion of VLRM Markets' ecosystem across diverse asset classes. By strengthening the RWA ecosystem, Partners will play a critical role in shaping VLRM Markets. The Ambassador Program Ambassadors focus on advocacy and visibility. They will amplify VLRM Markets' mission through influence and networking; foster trust and build strategic relationships; and refer emerging business opportunities without directly engaging in deal structuring. The Partner and Ambassador initiatives underscore VLRM Markets' commitment to redefining the digital asset marketplace and creating a vibrant, agile and interconnected ecosystem. RWA Pipeline VLRM Markets has been instructed to begin developing its first tokenised RWA products - an investment entity and a royalties arrangement - targeted for launch during January 2025. Further, discussions are progressing with several other RWA opportunities, including investment funds, mining and sports-related assets, with further details to follow. Utility Integration VLRM Markets will adopt GATE utilities within its ecosystem during 2025, including but not limited to: Incentives to award contributors who support ecosystem development; Partner and Ambassador utility; and Issuer utility. The first tokenised RWA products that are due to launch during January 2025 will both incorporate an element of issuer utility. New Risk • Dec 06
New major risk - Revenue and earnings growth Earnings have declined by 26% per year over the past 5 years. This is considered a major risk. Ultimately, shareholders want to see a good return on their investment and that generally comes from sharing in the company's profits. If profits are declining over an extended period, then in most cases the share price will decline over time unless the company can turn around its fortunes. A trend of falling earnings can be very difficult to turn around. If the company is well already established it may also be a sign the company has matured and is in decline. In addition, if the company pays dividends it will also likely need to reduce or cut them, striking a dual blow to total shareholder returns. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (18% average weekly change). Earnings have declined by 26% per year over the past 5 years. Shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year (77% increase in shares outstanding). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risk Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£20.1m market cap, or US$25.7m). Announcement • Dec 05
Valereum Plc Ordinary Shares to Be Deleted from OTC Equity Valereum Plc Ordinary Shares will be deleted from OTC Equity effective December 04, 2024, due to Inactive Security. Announcement • Dec 02
Valereum Plc Appoints Carmen Elena Ochoaas as Head of El Salvador for VLRM Markets, S.A. de C.V Valereum Plc announced the appointment of Carmen Elena Ochoaas the new Head of El Salvador for VLRM Markets, S.A. de C.V. With over a decade of experience in the financial services and regulated markets sectors, Carmen brings a wealth of expertise and knowledge to the role. As a seasoned lawyer, she has extensive experience navigating both the traditional financial system and the rapidly evolving digital assets ecosystem. Throughout her career, Carmen has developed a deep understanding of the regulatory environment in El Salvador, having worked with both the Superintendencia del Sistema Financiero (SSF), the country's primary financial regulator, and the Comisión Nacional de Activos Digitales (CNAD), which oversees the digital assets market in El Salvador. This experience equips her with a unique perspective on the intersection of traditional finance and digital innovation, positioning her to drive forward VLRM Markets' operations in the region. As Head of El Salvador, Carmen will oversee the company's strategic initiatives in the country, focusing on fostering innovation, regulatory compliance, and expanding VLRM Markets' footprint in one of Central America's most dynamic and rapidly growing financial ecosystems. New Risk • Oct 03
New major risk - Financial data availability The company's latest financial reports are more than a year old. Last reported fiscal period ended June 2023. This is considered a major risk. If the company has not reported its earnings on time, it may have been delayed due to audit problems or it may be finding it difficult to reconcile its accounts. In the worst case scenario, it may be facing other major going concern issues jeopardizing its viability as a listed company. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Latest financial reports are more than 1 year old (reported June 2023 fiscal period end). Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (20% average weekly change). Negative equity (-UK£198k). Shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year (77% increase in shares outstanding). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risk Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£15.0m market cap, or US$19.7m). New Risk • Jul 11
New major risk - Shareholder dilution The company's shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year. Increase in shares outstanding: 77% This is considered a major risk. Shareholder dilution occurs when there is an increase in the number of shares on issue that is not proportionally distributed between all shareholders. Often due to the company raising equity capital or some options being converted into stock. All else being equal, if there are more shares outstanding then each existing share will be entitled to a lower proportion of the company's total earnings, thus reducing earnings per share (EPS). While dilution might not always result in lower EPS (like if the company is using the capital to fund an EPS accretive acquisition) in a lot cases it does, along with lower dividends per share and less voting power at shareholder meetings. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (13% average weekly change). Negative equity (-UK£198k). Shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year (77% increase in shares outstanding). Revenue is less than US$1m. Market cap is less than US$10m (UK£6.94m market cap, or US$8.94m). Minor Risk Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported June 2023 fiscal period end). New Risk • Apr 21
New minor risk - Financial data availability The company's latest financial reports are more than 6 months old. Last reported fiscal period ended June 2023. This is considered a minor risk. If the company has not reported its earnings on time, it may have been delayed due to audit problems or it may be finding it difficult to reconcile its accounts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (15% average weekly change). Negative equity (-UK£198k). Earnings have declined by 31% per year over the past 5 years. Revenue is less than US$1m. Market cap is less than US$10m (UK£5.73m market cap, or US$7.09m). Minor Risks Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported June 2023 fiscal period end). Shareholders have been diluted in the past year (27% increase in shares outstanding). Announcement • Mar 30
Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.3 million. Valereum Plc has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £0.3 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 5,000,000
Price\Range: £0.06
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing Announcement • Mar 22
Valereum Plc, Annual General Meeting, Apr 10, 2024 Valereum Plc, Annual General Meeting, Apr 10, 2024, at 12:00 Coordinated Universal Time. Location: 4th Floor, 10 Arthur Street EC4R 9AY London United Kingdom Announcement • Dec 19
Valereum Plc (OFEX:VLRM) entered into an agreement to acquire GSX Group Limited for GIP 0.22 million. Valereum Plc (OFEX:VLRM) entered into an agreement to acquire GSX Group Limited for GIP 0.22 million on December 18, 2023. Through a strategic share purchase agreement, Valereum is acquiring 100% ownership of the GSX Group in exchange for 5,000,000 shares in Valereum and 10,000,000 warrants exercisable at 1pence by December 2026 (warrants will vest and not be exercisable during a 6-month lock in period from the December 10, 2023). Following the acquisition, the intellectual property will be utilised by Valereum and the GSX brand will be discontinued as part of an orderly dissolution of the GSX Group. Nick Cowan will be joining the Board as Chief Executive Officer. Simon Brickles will be joining as a Non-Executive Director to the company. Gary Cottle will also be joining the board as a Non-Executive Director. Patrick L Young has stepped down from the Board of Directors with immediate effect. The acquisition is conditional on the approval of the shareholders of the GSX Group and this is expected to occur in January 2024 at which time the shares and warrants referred to above will be issued. A further announcement will be made once the acquisition has completed. First Sentinel Corporate Finance acted as advisor to Valereum. Board Change • Nov 27
No independent directors Following the recent departure of a director, there are no independent directors on the board. The company's board is composed of: No independent directors. 3 non-independent directors. Executive Director Patrick Young was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2021. The company's lack of independent directors is a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. Buying Opportunity • Aug 21
Now 24% undervalued after recent price drop Over the last 90 days, the stock is down 41%. The fair value is estimated to be UK£0.037, however this is not to be taken as a buy recommendation but rather should be used as a guide only. Announcement • Dec 21
Valereum Plc, Annual General Meeting, Jan 10, 2023 Valereum Plc, Annual General Meeting, Jan 10, 2023, at 10:30 Central European Standard Time. Location: Suite 16, Watergardens 5 Waterport Wharf, Gibraltar Waterport Wharf Gibraltar Board Change • Nov 16
No independent directors No new directors have joined the board in the last 3 years. The company's board is composed of: No new directors. 2 experienced directors. 2 highly experienced directors. No independent directors (3 non-independent directors). Chairman Richard Poulden was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2012. The following issues are considered to be risks according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model: Lack of independent directors. Insufficient board refreshment. Board Change • Apr 27
No independent directors No new directors have joined the board in the last 3 years. The company's board is composed of: No new directors. 2 experienced directors. 2 highly experienced directors. No independent directors (3 non-independent directors). Chairman Richard Poulden was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2012. The following issues are considered to be risks according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model: Lack of independent directors. Insufficient board refreshment. 
