Polestar Automotive Holding UK Valuation

Q: What is the Fair Price of A4N when looking at its future cash flows? For this estimate we use a Discounted Cash Flow model.

A4N (€0.15) is trading below our estimate of [[fair value]] (€1.86)

Is A4N undervalued compared to its fair value, analyst forecasts and its price relative to the market?

Valuation Score

2/6

Valuation Score 2/6

Below Fair Value
Significantly Below Fair Value
Price-To-Sales vs Peers
Price-To-Sales vs Industry
Price-To-Sales vs Fair Ratio
Analyst Forecast

Share Price vs Fair Value

What is the Fair Price of A4N when looking at its future cash flows? For this estimate we use a Discounted Cash Flow model.

Below Fair Value: A4N (€0.15) is trading below our estimate of fair value (€1.86)

Significantly Below Fair Value: A4N is trading below fair value by more than 20%.

Key Valuation Metric

Which metric is best to use when looking at relative valuation for A4N?

Key metric: As A4N is unprofitable we use its Price-To-Sales Ratio for relative valuation analysis.

The above table shows the Price to Sales ratio for A4N. This is calculated by dividing A4N's market cap by their current revenue.
What is A4N's PS Ratio?
PS Ratio	1.1x
Sales	US$2.05b
Market Cap	US$2.22b

A4N key valuation metrics and ratios. From Price to Earnings, Price to Sales and Price to Book to Price to Earnings Growth Ratio, Enterprise Value and EBITDA.
Key Statistics
Enterprise Value/Revenue	2.7x
Enterprise Value/EBITDA	-3.8x
PEG Ratio	n/a

Price to Sales Ratio vs Peers

How does A4N's PS Ratio compare to its peers?

The above table shows the PS ratio for A4N vs its peers. Here we also display the market cap and forecasted growth for additional consideration.
Company	Forward PS	Estimated Growth	Market Cap
Peer Average	0.5x
KTA Knaus Tabbert	0.1x	1.2%	€129.3m
VOW3 Volkswagen	0.1x	2.2%	€44.3b
BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke	0.3x	2.2%	€48.7b
P911 Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche	1.4x	4.5%	€53.0b
A4N Polestar Automotive Holding UK	1.1x	33.2%	€2.2b

Price-To-Sales vs Peers: A4N is expensive based on its Price-To-Sales Ratio (1.1x) compared to the peer average (0.5x).

Price to Sales Ratio vs Industry

How does A4N's PS Ratio compare vs other companies in the European Auto Industry?

4 Companies	Price / Sales	Estimated Growth	Market Cap

4 Companies		Estimated Growth	Market Cap

No more companies

Price-To-Sales vs Industry: A4N is expensive based on its Price-To-Sales Ratio (1.1x) compared to the European Auto industry average (0.3x).

Price to Sales Ratio vs Fair Ratio

What is A4N's PS Ratio compared to its Fair PS Ratio? This is the expected PS Ratio taking into account the company's forecast earnings growth, profit margins and other risk factors.

A4N PS Ratio vs Fair Ratio.
Fair Ratio
Current PS Ratio	1.1x
Fair PS Ratio	1.1x

Price-To-Sales vs Fair Ratio: A4N is expensive based on its Price-To-Sales Ratio (1.1x) compared to the estimated Fair Price-To-Sales Ratio (1.1x).

Analyst Price Targets

What is the analyst 12-month forecast and do we have any statistical confidence in the consensus price target?

Analyst Forecast: Insufficient data to show price forecast.

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Company Analysis and Financial Data Status

Data	Last Updated (UTC time)
Company Analysis	2025/01/02 07:22
End of Day Share Price	2025/01/02 00:00
Earnings	2024/06/30
Annual Earnings	2023/12/31

Data Sources

The data used in our company analysis is from S&P Global Market Intelligence LLC. The following data is used in our analysis model to generate this report. Data is normalised which can introduce a delay from the source being available.

Package	Data	Timeframe	Example US Source ^*
Company Financials	10 years	Income statement Cash flow statement Balance sheet	SEC Form 10-K SEC Form 10-Q
Analyst Consensus Estimates	+3 years	Forecast financials Analyst price targets	Analyst Research Reports Blue Matrix
Market Prices	30 years	Stock prices Dividends, Splits and Actions	ICE Market Data SEC Form S-1
Ownership	10 years	Top shareholders Insider trading	SEC Form 4 SEC Form 13D
Management	10 years	Leadership team Board of directors	SEC Form 10-K SEC Form DEF 14A
Key Developments	10 years	Company announcements	SEC Form 8-K

^* example for US securities, for non-US equivalent regulatory forms and sources are used.

Unless specified all financial data is based on a yearly period but updated quarterly. This is known as Trailing Twelve Month (TTM) or Last Twelve Month (LTM) Data. Learn more here.

Analysis Model and Snowflake

Details of the analysis model used to generate this report is available on our Github page, we also have guides on how to use our reports and tutorials on Youtube.

Learn about the world class team who designed and built the Simply Wall St analysis model.

Industry and Sector Metrics

Our industry and section metrics are calculated every 6 hours by Simply Wall St, details of our process are available on .

Analyst Sources

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC is covered by 12 analysts. 6 of those analysts submitted the estimates of revenue or earnings used as inputs to our report. Analysts submissions are updated throughout the day.

Analyst	Institution
Ishan Majumdar	Baptista Research
Dan Levy	Barclays
John Babcock	BofA Global Research