Advanced Process Nodes Will Power A Vibrant Semiconductor Future

Key Takeaways

• Surging AI and advanced chip demand, strategic partnerships, and geographic expansion ensure robust growth, earnings stability, and strong pricing power.
  
• Continuous innovation and operational efficiency improvements strengthen cost control, gross margins, and position the company for lasting market leadership.
  
• Overseas expansion, volatile currencies, high capital spending needs, shifting trade policies, and customer concentration are all raising cost, margin, and revenue risks for TSMC.

Catalysts

Manufactures, packages, tests, and sells integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices in Taiwan, China, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, the United States, and internationally.

• Very strong and accelerating demand for advanced process nodes (3nm, 5nm, and soon 2nm) driven by expanding AI workloads, HPC, and edge/on-device AI is fueling significant and sustained capacity tightness. This underpins both pricing power and revenue growth potential in coming years.
  
• TSMC's heavy and ongoing investments in scaling leading-edge nodes (N2, N2P, A16, A14) are reinforced by deepening partnerships with tech giants (Apple, NVIDIA, AMD), creating multi-year revenue visibility and reducing volatility in earnings.
  
• The proliferation of AI across industries and new applications (e.g., sovereign AI, data centers, future robotics/IoT) is structurally lifting the total addressable market for leading-edge chips-driving secular increases in wafer demand, supporting high utilization rates and long-term revenue/earnings expansion.
  
• Geographic diversification of fabs (in the US, Japan, and Europe) is mitigating supply chain/geopolitical risks and enabling TSMC to win local foundry mandates, laying groundwork for stable and potentially higher net margins as new fabs mature.
  
• TSMC's ongoing use of advanced manufacturing technology, operational excellence, and internal AI-driven productivity improvements are incrementally reducing production costs and supporting long-term gross margin targets (53%+), fortifying its long-term earnings upside.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Future Earnings and Revenue Growth

Assumptions

• Analysts are assuming Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing's revenue will grow by 16.3% annually over the next 3 years.
• Analysts assume that profit margins will shrink from 42.5% today to 41.7% in 3 years time.
• Analysts expect earnings to reach NT$2227.9 billion (and earnings per share of NT$86.09) by about September 2028, up from NT$1444.9 billion today. However, there is some disagreement amongst the analysts with the more bearish ones expecting earnings as low as NT$1802.7 billion.
• In order for the above numbers to justify the analysts price target, the company would need to trade at a PE ratio of 20.6x on those 2028 earnings, down from 20.8x today. This future PE is lower than the current PE for the US Semiconductor industry at 31.1x.
• Analysts expect the number of shares outstanding to remain consistent over the next 3 years.
• To value all of this in today's terms, we will use a discount rate of 8.95%, as per the Simply Wall St company report.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Future Earnings Per Share Growth

Risks

• The ramp-up and operational start of multiple overseas fabs, especially in the US and Japan, are causing ongoing structural cost increases and persistent gross margin dilution (expected to be 2–4% per year for several years), which could compress margins and impact future earnings even as the company scales revenue.
  
• Unfavorable and volatile foreign exchange rates, particularly the appreciation of the NT dollar relative to the US dollar, are directly reducing reported revenues and gross margins-with every 1% NT appreciation cutting reported revenue by 1% and gross margin by roughly 40 basis points-posing a lasting risk to reported profitability.
  
• Intensifying requirements for accelerated capital expenditure (CapEx) and high capital intensity to support advanced nodes (such as N2 and beyond) may strain free cash flow and put pressure on net margins, especially if revenue growth temporarily lags CapEx commitments in a volatile macroeconomic environment.
  
• Increased exposure to potential tariff policies, shifting global trade regulations, and government-led technology sovereignty initiatives (notably in the US, China, and Europe) present uncertainties that could force TSMC to operate with fragmented supply chains, increased costs, or restricted market access, ultimately threatening top-line growth and earnings visibility.
  
• TSMC's growing dependence on a highly concentrated set of leading-edge, US-based customers (e.g., Apple, NVIDIA, AMD) and sectoral demand for AI/HPC puts the company at risk of revenue and earning volatility if these customers shift production, delay orders due to macro or political factors, or if sectoral demand normalizes or weakens.

Valuation

• The analysts have a consensus price target of NT$1369.918 for Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing based on their expectations of its future earnings growth, profit margins and other risk factors. However, there is a degree of disagreement amongst analysts, with the most bullish reporting a price target of NT$1800.0, and the most bearish reporting a price target of just NT$1100.0.
• In order for you to agree with the analyst's consensus, you'd need to believe that by 2028, revenues will be NT$5348.2 billion, earnings will come to NT$2227.9 billion, and it would be trading on a PE ratio of 20.6x, assuming you use a discount rate of 8.9%.
• Given the current share price of NT$1160.0, the analyst price target of NT$1369.92 is 15.3% higher.
• We always encourage you to reach your own conclusions though. So sense check these analyst numbers against your own assumptions and expectations based on your understanding of the business and what you believe is probable.