Duyuru • Apr 03
BCE Inc. to Report Q1, 2026 Results on May 07, 2026 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q1, 2026 results Pre-Market on May 07, 2026 Upcoming Dividend • Mar 09
Upcoming dividend of CA$0.44 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 16 March 2026. Payment date: 15 April 2026. Payout ratio is a comfortable 34% and this is well supported by cash flows. Trailing yield: 4.9%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.3%). In line with average of industry peers (4.6%). Declared Dividend • Feb 08
Fourth quarter dividend of CA$0.44 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of CA$0.44. Ex-date: 16th March 2026 Payment date: 15th April 2026 Dividend yield will be 5.6%, which is lower than the industry average of 6.2%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is well covered by both earnings (34% earnings payout ratio) and cash flows (50% cash payout ratio). The dividend has decreased over the past 10 years, indicating a lack of growth and stability in payments. EPS is expected to decline by 47% over the next 3 years. However, it would need to fall by 62% to increase the payout ratio to a potentially unsustainable range. Reported Earnings • Feb 07
Full year 2025 earnings: EPS exceeds analyst expectations Full year 2025 results: EPS: CA$6.79 (up from CA$0.18 in FY 2024). Revenue: CA$24.5b (flat on FY 2024). Net income: CA$6.31b (up CA$6.14b from FY 2024). Profit margin: 26% (up from 0.7% in FY 2024). Revenue was in line with analyst estimates. Earnings per share (EPS) surpassed analyst estimates by 1.7%. Revenue is forecast to grow 1.5% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 5.0% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 20% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 18% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings. Duyuru • Jan 07
BCE Inc. to Report Q4, 2025 Results on Feb 05, 2026 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q4, 2025 results on Feb 05, 2026 Duyuru • Dec 12
Bell Announces the Latest Evolution in TV Convenience: Hardware-Free Fibe TV Bell announced the latest evolution in TV convenience: hardware-free Fibe TV. Customers in Ontario and Quebec can now stream live and on-demand content instantly on the compatible Smart TVs and streaming devices they already own, without the need for cords or boxes. This hardware-free experience means easier access, faster setup and total flexibility. Adding additional TVs is effortless - no technician visit, no phone call, no extra cost. Simply download the app and start watching. The Fibe TV app is now available on more devices, including compatible Samsung, LG and Roku Smart TVs. Upcoming Dividend • Dec 08
Upcoming dividend of CA$0.44 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 15 December 2025. Payment date: 15 January 2026. Payout ratio is a comfortable 43% and this is well supported by cash flows. Trailing yield: 5.4%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.4%). In line with average of industry peers (5.5%). Declared Dividend • Nov 09
Third quarter dividend of CA$0.44 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of CA$0.44. Ex-date: 15th December 2025 Payment date: 15th January 2026 Dividend yield will be 7.6%, which is higher than the industry average of 6.2%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is well covered by both earnings (43% earnings payout ratio) and cash flows (41% cash payout ratio). The dividend has decreased over the past 10 years, indicating a lack of growth and stability in payments. EPS is expected to decline by 56% over the next 3 years. Since a fall of 52% would increase the payout ratio to a potentially unsustainable range, the dividend may be at risk. Reported Earnings • Nov 06
Third quarter 2025 earnings: EPS exceeds analyst expectations Third quarter 2025 results: EPS: CA$4.83 (up from CA$1.36 loss in 3Q 2024). Revenue: CA$6.05b (up 1.3% from 3Q 2024). Net income: CA$4.50b (up CA$5.74b from 3Q 2024). Profit margin: 74% (up from net loss in 3Q 2024). Revenue was in line with analyst estimates. Earnings per share (EPS) surpassed analyst estimates significantly. Revenue is forecast to grow 2.0% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 5.6% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 13% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 21% per year, which means it is performing significantly worse than earnings. Duyuru • Oct 31
BCE Inc., Annual General Meeting, May 07, 2026 BCE Inc., Annual General Meeting, May 07, 2026. Duyuru • Oct 29
BCE Inc. Announces Gordon Nixon Stepping Down as Chair and Not Seeking Re-Election as Director, Effective May 7, 2026 BCE Inc. announced that Gordon Nixon, who will reach the end of his 12-year term in 2026, will step down as Chair and not seek re-election as a Director at the Annual General Shareholder Meeting on May 7, 2026. Mr. Nixon joined the Board in 2014 and served as Chair for 10 years. As part of the Board's renewal and succession plan, the Board plans to nominate BCE Director Louis Vachon C.M., O.Q., as Chair of the Board of Directors, contingent upon his re-election as a Director by BCE shareholders. Mr. Vachon joined the BCE Board in 2022 and is a member of the Management Resources and Compensation Committee and Risk and Pension Fund Committee. Duyuru • Oct 15
BCE Inc. Provides Earnings Guidance for the Year 2025 and 2028 BCE Inc. provided earnings guidance for the year 2025. For the year, Revenue to be ~ $24.7 billion.
For the year 2028, the company expected revenue to be $26.2 - $27.8 billion. Duyuru • Oct 02
BCE Inc. to Report Q3, 2025 Results on Nov 06, 2025 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q3, 2025 results on Nov 06, 2025 Duyuru • Sep 09
BCE Inc. announces Quarterly dividend, payable on October 15, 2025 BCE Inc. announced Quarterly dividend of CAD 0.4375 per share payable on October 15, 2025, ex-date on September 15, 2025 and record date on September 15, 2025. Upcoming Dividend • Sep 08
Upcoming dividend of CA$0.44 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 15 September 2025. Payment date: 15 October 2025. The company is paying out more than 100% of its profits but is generating plenty of cash to support the dividend. Trailing yield: 5.1%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.4%). In line with average of industry peers (5.6%). Declared Dividend • Aug 10
Second quarter dividend of CA$0.44 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of CA$0.44. Ex-date: 15th September 2025 Payment date: 15th October 2025 Dividend yield will be 8.8%, which is higher than the industry average of 6.2%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is not covered by earnings (dividend approximately 7x earnings). However, it is well covered by cash flows (43% cash payout ratio). The dividend has decreased over the past 10 years, indicating a lack of growth and stability in payments. The company's earnings per share (EPS) would need to grow by 709% to bring the payout ratio under control. EPS is expected to grow by 124% over the next 3 years, which means the dividend may need to be reduced to reach a sustainable payout ratio. Reported Earnings • Aug 09
Second quarter 2025 earnings: Revenues exceed analysts expectations while EPS lags behind Second quarter 2025 results: EPS: CA$0.62 (up from CA$0.59 in 2Q 2024). Revenue: CA$6.09b (up 1.3% from 2Q 2024). Net income: CA$579.0m (up 7.8% from 2Q 2024). Profit margin: 9.5% (in line with 2Q 2024). Revenue exceeded analyst estimates by 2.2%. Earnings per share (EPS) missed analyst estimates by 3.7%. Revenue is forecast to grow 1.7% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 4.3% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 58% per year but the company’s share price has only fallen by 22% per year, which means it has not declined as severely as earnings. Duyuru • Jul 03
Rogers Communications Inc. (TSX:RCI.B) completed the acquisition of an additional 37.5% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. from BCE Inc. (TSX:BCE). Rogers Communications Inc. (TSX:RCI.B) entered into an agreement to acquire an additional 37.5% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. from BCE Inc. (TSX:BCE) for CAD 4.7 billion on September 18, 2024. This includes access to content rights for 50% of Toronto Maple Leafs regional games and 50% of Toronto Raptors games for which MLSE controls the rights. The consideration is subject to certain adjustments. Bell remains official telecom sponsor of the Toronto Raptors and continues sponsorships of Toronto Argonauts and Toronto FC.
The deal is subject to league approvals, approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission and approval from Competition Bureau. Rogers and Bell received a "no-action letter" on December 12, 2024, from the Bureau, indicating that the Commissioner of Competition does not intend to challenge Rogers acquisition of Bell’s interest in MLSE. As of December 13, 2024, Rogers Communications has received clearance from the Competition Bureau to proceed with the acquisition. As of June 12, 2025 Rogers received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission and deal is expected to close in early July. The transaction is expected to close in mid-2025. BCE currently intends to direct proceeds of this sale towards reducing debt levels and to support its ongoing transformation from telco to telco with a focus on core growth drivers. As of June 4, 2025, Rogers Communications has received all league approvals to buy out Bell’s 37.5% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment.
In February 2025, we issued three tranches of subordinated notes, consisting of, CAD 1.5 billion due 2055 with an initial coupon of 7.00% for the first five years, CAD 1.4 billion due 2055 with an initial coupon of 7.125% for the first ten years; and CAD 2 billion due 2055 with an initial coupon of 5.625% for the first five years. Rogers Communications received net proceeds of CAD approximately 5 billion from the issuances and intend to use the proceeds to repay debt and to fund a portion of the MLSE Transaction.
J.P. Morgan acted as financial advisor to Rogers Communications Inc. Shlomi Feiner, Jacob Gofman, Micah Wood, Jonathan Bitran, Paul Stepak, Evan Schmid and Michael Matheson of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP acted as legal advisor to BCE Inc. Melanie Shishler, Aaron Atkinson, Marc Pontone, David Wilson, Daniel Pearlman and Anita Banicevic of Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP acted as legal advisor to Rogers Communications Inc.
Rogers Communications Inc. (TSX:RCI.B) completed the acquisition of an additional 37.5% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. from BCE Inc. (TSX:BCE) on July 1, 2025. On completion, Rogers holds 75% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment. The purchase price was primarily funded from revolving bank credit facilities together with cash on hand. The transaction has received all necessary regulatory and league approvals. Upcoming Dividend • Jun 09
Upcoming dividend of CA$0.44 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 16 June 2025. Payment date: 15 July 2025. The company is paying out more than 100% of its profits but is generating plenty of cash to support the dividend. Trailing yield: 5.9%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.8%). In line with average of industry peers (5.8%). Reported Earnings • May 09
First quarter 2025 earnings: EPS exceeds analyst expectations First quarter 2025 results: EPS: CA$0.73 (up from CA$0.44 in 1Q 2024). Revenue: CA$5.93b (down 1.3% from 1Q 2024). Net income: CA$671.0m (up 67% from 1Q 2024). Profit margin: 11% (up from 6.7% in 1Q 2024). Revenue was in line with analyst estimates. Earnings per share (EPS) surpassed analyst estimates by 31%. Revenue is forecast to grow 1.4% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 3.0% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 51% per year but the company’s share price has only fallen by 25% per year, which means it has not declined as severely as earnings. Duyuru • May 09
BCE Inc. announces Quarterly dividend, payable on July 15, 2025 BCE Inc. announced Quarterly dividend of CAD 0.4375 per share payable on July 15, 2025, ex-date on June 16, 2025 and record date on June 16, 2025. Duyuru • Apr 03
BCE Inc. to Report Q1, 2025 Results on May 08, 2025 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q1, 2025 results on May 08, 2025 Reported Earnings • Mar 09
Full year 2024 earnings: EPS misses analyst expectations Full year 2024 results: EPS: CA$0.18 (down from CA$2.28 in FY 2023). Revenue: CA$24.4b (down 1.1% from FY 2023). Net income: CA$163.0m (down 92% from FY 2023). Profit margin: 0.7% (down from 8.4% in FY 2023). Revenue was in line with analyst estimates. Earnings per share (EPS) missed analyst estimates by 83%. Revenue is forecast to grow 2.2% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 3.2% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 40% per year but the company’s share price has only fallen by 23% per year, which means it has not declined as severely as earnings. Upcoming Dividend • Mar 07
Upcoming dividend of CA$1.00 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 14 March 2025. Payment date: 15 April 2025. The company is paying out more than 100% of its earnings and cash flow. Trailing yield: 11%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.6%). Higher than average of industry peers (6.1%). Duyuru • Feb 20
BCE Inc., Annual General Meeting, May 08, 2025 BCE Inc., Annual General Meeting, May 08, 2025. Declared Dividend • Feb 09
Third quarter dividend of CA$1.00 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of CA$1.00. Ex-date: 14th March 2025 Payment date: 15th April 2025 Dividend yield will be 14%, which is higher than the industry average of 6.2%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is not covered by earnings (dividend approximately 43x earnings) nor is it covered by cash flows (123% cash payout ratio). The dividend has increased by an average of 4.9% per year over the past 10 years and has been stable with no material reductions to payments, indicating a long track record of dividend growth and stability. The company's earnings per share (EPS) would need to grow by 4,679% to bring the payout ratio under control. EPS is expected to grow by 125% over the next 3 years, which means the dividend may need to be reduced to reach a sustainable payout ratio. Duyuru • Jan 02
BCE Inc. to Report Fiscal Year 2024 Results on Feb 06, 2025 BCE Inc. announced that they will report fiscal year 2024 results on Feb 06, 2025 Recent Insider Transactions • Dec 26
Independent Director recently sold US$672k worth of stock On the 17th of December, Calin Rovinescu sold around 29k shares on-market at roughly US$23.57 per share. This transaction amounted to 72% of their direct individual holding at the time of the trade. This was the largest sale by an insider in the last 3 months. Despite this recent sale, insiders have collectively bought US$1.3m more than they sold in the last 12 months. New Risk • Dec 22
New minor risk - Insider selling There has been significant insider selling in the company's shares over the past 3 months. Total value of shares sold: US$1.4m This is considered a minor risk. There are several reasons why an insider may be selling, including to cover a tax obligation or pay for some other expense. However, we generally consider it a negative if insiders have been selling, especially if they do so below the current price. It implies that they considered a lower price to be reasonable. This is a weak signal, but if there is a pattern of unexplained selling, it can be a sign the insider believes the company's stock is overpriced. Note: We only include open market transactions and private dispositions of directly owned stock by individuals, not by corporations or trusts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Debt is not well covered by operating cash flow (19% operating cash flow to total debt). Dividend is not well covered by earnings and cash flows. Dividend per share is over 43x earnings per share. Cash payout ratio: 123% Minor Risks Large one-off items impacting financial results. Profit margins are more than 30% lower than last year (0.3% net profit margin). Significant insider selling over the past 3 months (US$1.4m sold). Upcoming Dividend • Dec 09
Upcoming dividend of CA$1.00 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 16 December 2024. Payment date: 15 January 2025. The company is paying out more than 100% of its earnings and cash flow. Trailing yield: 11%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.3%). Higher than average of industry peers (6.4%). Declared Dividend • Nov 10
Third quarter dividend of CA$1.00 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of CA$1.00. Ex-date: 16th December 2024 Payment date: 15th January 2025 Dividend yield will be 11%, which is higher than the industry average of 6.2%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is not covered by earnings (dividend approximately 43x earnings) nor is it covered by cash flows (123% cash payout ratio). The dividend has increased by an average of 4.9% per year over the past 10 years and has been stable with no material reductions to payments, indicating a long track record of dividend growth and stability. The company's earnings per share (EPS) would need to grow by 4,679% to bring the payout ratio under control. EPS is expected to grow by 189% over the next 2 years, which means the dividend may need to be reduced to reach a sustainable payout ratio. Reported Earnings • Nov 08
Third quarter 2024 earnings: EPS and revenues miss analyst expectations Third quarter 2024 results: CA$1.36 loss per share (down from CA$0.70 profit in 3Q 2023). Revenue: CA$5.97b (down 1.8% from 3Q 2023). Net loss: CA$1.24b (down 293% from profit in 3Q 2023). Revenue missed analyst estimates by 1.1%. Earnings per share (EPS) were also behind analyst expectations. Revenue is forecast to grow 1.4% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 3.3% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 28% per year but the company’s share price has only fallen by 18% per year, which means it has not declined as severely as earnings. Duyuru • Sep 18
Rogers Communications Inc. (TSX:RCI.B) entered into an agreement to acquire 37.5% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. from BCE Inc. (TSX:BCE) for CAD 4.7 billion Rogers Communications Inc. (TSX:RCI.B) entered into an agreement to acquire 37.5% stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. from BCE Inc. (TSX:BCE) for CAD 4.7 billion on September 18, 2024. This includes access to content rights for 50% of Toronto Maple Leafs regional games and 50% of Toronto Raptors games for which
MLSE controls the rights. Bell remains official telecom sponsor of the Toronto Raptors, and continues sponsorships of Toronto Argonauts and Toronto FC The transaction is subject to league and regulatory approvals. The transaction is expected to close in mid-2025.
BCE currently intends to direct proceeds of this sale towards reducing debt levels and to support its ongoing transformation from telco to telco with a focus on core growth drivers. Upcoming Dividend • Sep 09
Upcoming dividend of CA$1.00 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 16 September 2024. Payment date: 15 October 2024. The company is paying out more than 100% of its earnings and cash flow. Trailing yield: 8.2%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.4%). Higher than average of industry peers (5.8%). Declared Dividend • Aug 04
Second quarter dividend of CA$1.00 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of CA$1.00. Ex-date: 16th September 2024 Payment date: 15th October 2024 Dividend yield will be 9.3%, which is higher than the industry average of 6.2%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is not covered by earnings (180% earnings payout ratio) nor is it covered by cash flows (126% cash payout ratio). The dividend has increased by an average of 5.5% per year over the past 10 years and has been stable with no material reductions to payments, indicating a long track record of dividend growth and stability. The company's earnings per share (EPS) would need to grow by 100% to bring the payout ratio under control. EPS is expected to grow by 42% over the next 3 years, which means the dividend may need to be reduced to reach a sustainable payout ratio. Reported Earnings • Aug 02
Second quarter 2024 earnings: EPS and revenues miss analyst expectations Second quarter 2024 results: EPS: CA$0.59 (up from CA$0.36 in 2Q 2023). Revenue: CA$6.01b (down 1.0% from 2Q 2023). Net income: CA$537.0m (up 63% from 2Q 2023). Profit margin: 8.9% (up from 5.4% in 2Q 2023). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Revenue missed analyst estimates by 1.0%. Earnings per share (EPS) also missed analyst estimates by 5.7%. Revenue is forecast to grow 1.4% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 2.9% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 14% per year whereas the company’s share price has fallen by 12% per year. Duyuru • Jun 28
BCE Inc. to Report Q2, 2024 Results on Aug 01, 2024 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q2, 2024 results on Aug 01, 2024 Upcoming Dividend • Jun 07
Upcoming dividend of CA$1.00 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 14 June 2024. Payment date: 15 July 2024. The company is paying out more than 100% of its earnings and cash flow. Trailing yield: 8.5%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.7%). Higher than average of industry peers (6.2%). Reported Earnings • May 08
First quarter 2024 earnings: EPS misses analyst expectations First quarter 2024 results: EPS: CA$0.44 (down from CA$0.80 in 1Q 2023). Revenue: CA$6.01b (flat on 1Q 2023). Net income: CA$402.0m (down 45% from 1Q 2023). Profit margin: 6.7% (down from 12% in 1Q 2023). Revenue was in line with analyst estimates. Earnings per share (EPS) missed analyst estimates by 23%. Revenue is forecast to grow 1.4% p.a. on average during the next 3 years, compared to a 1.9% growth forecast for the Telecom industry in the US. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 9% per year whereas the company’s share price has fallen by 11% per year. Duyuru • Mar 29
BCE Inc. to Report Q1, 2024 Results on May 02, 2024 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q1, 2024 results on May 02, 2024 Duyuru • Jan 05
BCE Inc. to Report Q4, 2023 Results on Feb 08, 2024 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q4, 2023 results on Feb 08, 2024 Upcoming Dividend • Dec 07
Upcoming dividend of CA$0.97 per share at 7.0% yield Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 14 December 2023. Payment date: 15 January 2024. The company is paying out more than 100% of its earnings and cash flow. Trailing yield: 7.0%. Within top quartile of American dividend payers (4.8%). In line with average of industry peers (6.6%). New Risk • Nov 17
New minor risk - Insider selling There has been significant insider selling in the company's shares over the past 3 months. Total value of shares sold: US$1.9m This is considered a minor risk. There are several reasons why an insider may be selling, including to cover a tax obligation or pay for some other expense. However, we generally consider it a negative if insiders have been selling, especially if they do so below the current price. It implies that they considered a lower price to be reasonable. This is a weak signal, but if there is a pattern of unexplained selling, it can be a sign the insider believes the company's stock is overpriced. Note: We only include open market transactions and private dispositions of directly owned stock by individuals, not by corporations or trusts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risk Dividend is not well covered by earnings and cash flows. Payout ratio: 157% Cash payout ratio: 155% Minor Risks High level of debt (160% net debt to equity). Significant insider selling over the past 3 months (US$1.9m sold). Recent Insider Transactions • Nov 13
Group President of Business Markets recently sold US$1.3m worth of stock On the 10th of November, John Watson sold around 32k shares on-market at roughly US$38.81 per share. This transaction amounted to 67% of their direct individual holding at the time of the trade. This was the largest sale by an insider in the last 3 months. Insiders have been net sellers, collectively disposing of US$1.8m more than they bought in the last 12 months. Duyuru • Nov 04
BCE Inc. confirms Earnings Guidance for the Year 2023 BCE Inc. confirmed earnings guidance for the year 2023. For the period, the company expects revenue growth to be 1% to 5%. Duyuru • Nov 03
BCE Inc. Declares a Quarterly Dividend, Payable on January 15, 2024 BCE Inc.'s Board of Directors has declared a quarterly dividend of $0.9675 per common share, payable on January 15, 2024 to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 15, 2023. Duyuru • Sep 29
BCE Inc. to Report Q3, 2023 Results on Nov 02, 2023 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q3, 2023 results on Nov 02, 2023 Duyuru • Jun 30
BCE Inc. to Report Q2, 2023 Results on Aug 03, 2023 BCE Inc. announced that they will report Q2, 2023 results on Aug 03, 2023 Duyuru • May 05
BCE Inc. Declares Quarterly Dividend, Payable on July 17, 2023 BCE Inc. announced that its Board of Directors has declared a quarterly dividend of $0.9675 per common share, payable on July 17, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2023.