New Risk • Apr 30
New major risk - Shareholder dilution The company's shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year. Increase in shares outstanding: 70% This is considered a major risk. Shareholder dilution occurs when there is an increase in the number of shares on issue that is not proportionally distributed between all shareholders. Often due to the company raising equity capital or some options being converted into stock. All else being equal, if there are more shares outstanding then each existing share will be entitled to a lower proportion of the company's total earnings, thus reducing earnings per share (EPS). While dilution might not always result in lower EPS (like if the company is using the capital to fund an EPS accretive acquisition) in a lot cases it does, along with lower dividends per share and less voting power at shareholder meetings. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Shareholders have been substantially diluted in the past year (70% increase in shares outstanding). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported June 2025 fiscal period end). Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (10.0% average weekly change). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£9.59m market cap, or US$13.0m). Duyuru • Apr 25
Arc Minerals Limited has filed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £2.9 million. Arc Minerals Limited has filed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £2.9 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 725,000,000
Price\Range: £0.004
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing Duyuru • Apr 24
Arc Minerals Limited has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £3 million. Arc Minerals Limited has completed a Follow-on Equity Offering in the amount of £3 million.
Security Name: Ordinary Shares
Security Type: Common Stock
Securities Offered: 750,000,000
Price\Range: £0.004
Transaction Features: Subsequent Direct Listing New Risk • Apr 13
New minor risk - Financial data availability The company's latest financial reports are more than 6 months old. Last reported fiscal period ended June 2025. This is considered a minor risk. If the company has not reported its earnings on time, it may have been delayed due to audit problems or it may be finding it difficult to reconcile its accounts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Revenue is less than US$1m. Market cap is less than US$10m (UK£6.88m market cap, or US$9.22m). Minor Risks Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported June 2025 fiscal period end). Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (8.3% average weekly change). New Risk • Mar 30
New major risk - Market cap size The company's market capitalization is less than US$10m. Market cap: UK£7.24m (US$9.55m) This is considered a major risk. Companies with a small market capitalization are most likely businesses that have not yet released a product to market or are simply a very small company without a wide reach. Either way, risk is elevated with these companies because there is a chance the product may not come to fruition or the company's addressable market or demand may not be as large as expected. In addition, if the company's size is the main factor, it is less likely to have many investors and analysts following it and scrutinizing its performance and outlook. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Revenue is less than US$1m. Market cap is less than US$10m (UK£7.24m market cap, or US$9.55m). Minor Risk Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (10% average weekly change). Duyuru • Mar 11
Arc Minerals Limited Commences Geophysical Work Programme in Botswana Arc Minerals Limited announced the commencement of a ground-based magnetic survey and an Induced Polarisation survey over its PL135/2017 licence at the Virgo Project, located within the Central Structural Corridor of the Kalahari Copper Belt in the Republic of Botswana. Magnetic and Induced Polarisation surveys are designed to define the contact between the D'kar and Ngwako Pan formations. Field camp preparation commenced and teams mobilised to carry out these surveys. 295 line kilometers of ground-based magnetic surveying to start this week. 52.5 kilometers of Induced Polarisation surveying to follow immediately thereafter. Data acquisition and interpretation expected to be completed by the end of Second Quarter. The programme builds directly on the successful limited Induced Polarisation survey conducted over part of the PL135/2017 license in 2024, where the contact between the D'kar and Ngwako Pan formations were accurately identified and verified by the survey, before focused drilling commenced. The Company has decided to extend the Induced Polarisation survey to cover the full length of the hypothesized contact zone in its license area, and will be further complemented by a ground-based magnetic survey over the same length. All the known copper deposits and occurrences in the Kalahari Copper Belt occur at, or immediately above the D'kar and Ngwako Pan formations contact, particularly where structural domes create favourable settings for copper and silver mineralisation. The Company has contracted a Botswana-based geophysical company to carry out the surveys. A field camp has been established and will cater for over 50 people at peak activity, with the magnetic survey commencing this week. The planned ground-based magnetic survey consists of 295 line kilometers at a 50 meter line spacing, with readings taken every 5 meters. The magnetic survey will provide additional granularity around the structures coming into and around the dome and along the limbs, significantly refining the Company's geological model and overall understanding. The ground-based Gradient Array Induced Polarisation survey over the contact zone and its extents will assist in accurately identifying the location of the D'kar and Ngwako Pan formations contact and provide an efficient, cost-effective and high-resolution map of the sub-surface chargeability and resistivity, discriminating between types of conductive structures and providing targets for drilling. A total of 52.5 line kilometers are planned to be surveyed, comprising 42.5 kilometers of Gradient Induced Polarisation and 10 kilometers of insight Section Induced Polarisation. The survey employs a pole-dipole array with 25 meter electrode spacing. Board Change • Jan 06
Less than half of directors are independent Following the recent departure of a director, there is only 1 independent director on the board. The company's board is composed of: 1 independent director. 3 non-independent directors. Senior Independent Director Brian McMaster was the last independent director to join the board, commencing their role in 2017. The company's minority of independent directors is a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. New Risk • Oct 22
New major risk - Market cap size The company's market capitalization is less than US$10m. Market cap: UK£6.88m (US$9.19m) This is considered a major risk. Companies with a small market capitalization are most likely businesses that have not yet released a product to market or are simply a very small company without a wide reach. Either way, risk is elevated with these companies because there is a chance the product may not come to fruition or the company's addressable market or demand may not be as large as expected. In addition, if the company's size is the main factor, it is less likely to have many investors and analysts following it and scrutinizing its performance and outlook. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Less than 1 year of cash runway based on free cash flow trend (-UK£1.6m free cash flow). Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (16% average weekly change). Revenue is less than US$1m. Market cap is less than US$10m (UK£6.88m market cap, or US$9.19m). Duyuru • Jul 31
Arc Minerals Limited Announces Resignation of Valentine Chitalu from the Board, Effective July 30, 2025 Arc Minerals Limited announced that Mr. Valentine Chitalu has resigned from the board of the company with effect from 30 July 2025. In recent months, Mr. Chitalu's commitments to his other interests have increased significantly, and he no longer believes he can devote sufficient time to fulfil his responsibilities to Arc. New Risk • Jul 15
New minor risk - Share price stability The company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of British stocks, typically moving 8.2% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Less than 1 year of cash runway based on free cash flow trend (-UK£2.2m free cash flow). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (8.2% average weekly change). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£17.4m market cap, or US$23.3m). New Risk • Jun 29
New major risk - Financial position The company has less than a year of cash runway based on its current free cash flow trend. Free cash flow: -UK£2.9m This is considered a major risk. With less than a year's worth of cash, the company will need to raise capital or take on debt unless its cash flows improve. This would dilute existing shareholders or increase balance sheet risk. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Less than 1 year of cash runway based on free cash flow trend (-UK£2.9m free cash flow). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risk Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£14.5m market cap, or US$19.8m). New Risk • Apr 13
New minor risk - Financial data availability The company's latest financial reports are more than 6 months old. Last reported fiscal period ended June 2024. This is considered a minor risk. If the company has not reported its earnings on time, it may have been delayed due to audit problems or it may be finding it difficult to reconcile its accounts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks High level of non-cash earnings (150% accrual ratio). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported June 2024 fiscal period end). Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (9.0% average weekly change). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£21.4m market cap, or US$27.9m). Duyuru • Feb 04
Arc Minerals Ltd Announces Assay Results Extends Copper Mineralisation Arc Minerals provided an update on exploration activities at its Joint Venture with a subsidiary of Anglo American in Zambia. Highlights: Diamond Drill Hole KCDD002 - 40.60m @ 0.61% Cu from 22.25m: Incl. 7.70m @ 1.72% Cu from 26.75m, or 12.75m @ 1.20% Cu from 22.25m. Mineralisation confirmed 1.5km from Cheyeza East Oxide Occurrence. Both Oxide and Sulphide Mineralisation Intersected. Six holes completed for a total of 4,016m drilled at four targets. Deepest hole drilled down to 977.40m. Sulphide Mineralisation confirmed at Nkwazhi. Following an extensive geological mapping and rock chip and soil sampling program over the Anglo JV license areas, a diamond drilling campaign commenced in August 2024 with six drill holes completed for 4016 m. Assay results have now been received for three of the six holes. Near surface mineralisation observed at a new target approximately one and a half kilometres east of the existing oxide occurrence at Cheyeza has been verified by diamond drilling. Assay data from hole KCDD002 includes 40.60m at 0.61% Cu from 22.25m down the hole, including 12.75m @ 1.20% Cu from 22.25m and 7.70m @ 1.72% Cu from 26.75m. The KCDD002 assay results demonstrate the potential to add to the known extents of the oxide occurrences at Cheyeza, where similar high grade zones have been intersected and reported in the past. Historic hole CHDDE004 intersected 18m @ 2.35% Cu from 30.60m with a higher grade zone of 7.60m @ 4.15% Cu from 39m, and hole CHDDE060 intersected 39m @ 1.47% Cu with a higher grade zone of 10m @ 2.25% Cu from 41m. Importantly and unlike the previously reported oxide occurrence which is characterised as being a remobilised copper oxide occurrence, the oxide mineralisation intersected in hole KCDD002 may be the result of weathering of sulphide mineralisation at source, which is supported by the presence of sulphide mineralisation below the oxide zone. Assay results have also been received for the two holes drilled at the new target Nkwazhi, where low grade sulphide mineralisation was confirmed in the first hole. Duyuru • Nov 14
Arc Minerals Limited Announces Results from Drilling Programme at Kalahari Copper Belt in the Republic of Botswana Arc Minerals announced results from the recently completed drilling programme at its PL135/2017 license that forms part of its Virgo Project within the highly prospective Central Structural Corridor of the Kalahari Copper Belt in the Republic of Botswana. Highlights: First phase drill programme completed with a total of 3,000m drilled. Copper-Silver Mineralisa on Intersected. Diamond drill hole ALV-DD-004 - 3m @ 1.29% CuEq within a broader 6m @ 0.82% CuEq. Geological, Stra graphic and Structural se ng similar to MMG's Zone 5. The initial aim for the first phase drill campaign was to test for extensions of the mineralisation intersected by MMG in their adjacent license, where 4.3m @ 1.65% CuEq and 6.10m @ 2.56% CuEq were reported in holes HA- 1393-D and HA-1394-D. The Company completed eight holes for 3,000m drilled with diamond drill hole ALV-DD-004 intersecting 3m @1.29% CuEq within a broader6m @ 0.82% CuEq. Six of the remaining seven holes drilled intersected elevated to anomalous copper mineralisation with ini al observations of the core displaying similar geological, graphic and structural settings to that of MMG's opera ng Zone 5 underground mine. Further review of the assay data and drill core suggests that the first phase drill programme intersected mineralisation laterally on the fringe of the copper zone, in the iron rich zone, the interpreted outer halo of the main mineralised zone. All the data is currently being assessed and planning put in place for a second phase drill programme, that will vector away from the iron rich zone, targeting the interpreted inner copper sulphide zone. background on the Virgo Licences Licence PL 135/2017. The Company's prospecting licence PL135/2017 is surrounded on three sides by the prospecting licences of Khoemacau Copper Mining Limited, who have recently been acquired by MMG for c.$1.9 billion. This licence is located towards the south-eastern margin of the Kalahari Copper Belt occupying a similar geological se ng to that recently drilled by Khoemacau at their recent Mawana Fold Discovery and the Zone 9 exploration target, where economic grades of copper mineralisation have already been intersected by drilling. These discoveries are located at the north-western and south-eastern margins of the Company's prospecting licence, respectively. Khoemacau's Mawana fold discovery has defined a possible economic zone of copper mineralisa on that appears to trend towards and into the Company's licence PL 135/2017. The Company's recent scout drill holes intersected anomalous grades of copper mineralisation close to this apparent trend and confirmed an east-west trendingDKF-NPFcontact posi on approximately 5km long running through the licence. In November 2021, Arc Minerals Limited acquired a 75% interest in Alvis-Crest (Proprietary) Limited, the holder of two prospec ng licences (PL 135/2017 & PL 162/2017) in Botswana's Kalahari Copper Belt, colloquially called the Virgo Project/Licences. Licence PL 135/2017 is approximately 10km south-east of the large underground Khoemacau Copper mine recently commissioned by Cupric Canyon Capital LP. The Virgo Licences cover an area of over 210km2 and lie within (PL 165/2017) and adjacent (PL 135/2017) to the highly prospec ve Central Structural Corridor and within 10km and 50km of the Zone 5 and Banana Zone copper projects respecively, known as the two largest copper projects on the KCB. Historically, two copper-nickel soil anomalies have already been recorded on PL 135/2017 and PL 162/2017 and are approximately 3km and 2.5km in strike length, respectively. The largest of the two anomalies, located on PL 135/2017, overlays an interpreted DKF-NPF contact, while a second, more intermitent, anomaly may be linked to extensional faulting around the dome edge. The large coherent anomaly on PL 162/2017 also appears to overlay the interpreted DKF-NPF contact on the northern limb of a syncline. Duyuru • Nov 13
Arc Minerals Limited, Annual General Meeting, Nov 29, 2024 Arc Minerals Limited, Annual General Meeting, Nov 29, 2024. Location: the broadgate tower, 20 primrose street, ec2a 2ew, london United Kingdom Duyuru • Nov 07
Arc Minerals Ltd Provides an Update on Exploration Activities At Its Joint Venture with A Subsidiary of Anglo American in Zambia Arc Minerals Ltd. provided an update on exploration activities at its Joint Venture with a subsidiary of Anglo American in Zambia. Drilling commenced this year at the first new target approximately 1km east of the oxide occurrence at Cheyeza. The first hole targeted a Cu-Ni anomaly generated by the latest soil sampling programme. Anomalous copper mineralisation over a downhole thickness of around 45m was observed in the saprolite zone. Pending results from the laboratory, this hole demonstrates the potential to significantly expand the known oxide mineralisation at Cheyeza. Two holes were drilled at the new target Nkwazhi that is located between Cheyeza and Muswema, testing a thickened Lower Roan unit in this part of the basin. The first hole intersected copper mineralisation of over 20m at the base of the Upper Roan along with anomalous nickel in a marker talc-schist unit in the Lower Roan, below which currently no further mineralisation has been observed. The second hole drilled 400m away did not intersect mineralisation. The third target tested is located approximately 4km to the south-east of Muswema where a second order soil geochemical anomaly is present. Initial observations from this first hole are encouraging with lithologies and alteration styles akin to known deposits within the Domes Region of the Copperbelt being intersected. Copper mineralisation is also observed in parts of the drill core with multiple generations of chalcopyrite observed. This target is being prioritized for follow-up drilling. During the campaign, an extensive soil sampling programme was completed along traverses and focussed on the basin margin and in particular the Lower Roan.Over 12,000 samples were collected and analysed with the principal aim being to better understand the architecture of the Roan stratigraphy, source rocks and vectors to potential reductants. The information garnered from this soil sampling program, integrated with historical data has resulted in a more robust surface geological map for the basin and has supported the current drill targeting. New Risk • Nov 06
New major risk - Share price stability The company's share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 90% of British stocks, typically moving 9.5% a week. This is considered a major risk. Share price volatility increases the risk of potential losses in the short-term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. It may also indicate the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (9.5% average weekly change). High level of non-cash earnings (150% accrual ratio). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Shareholders have been diluted in the past year (18% increase in shares outstanding). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£30.8m market cap, or US$39.6m). Board Change • Sep 01
Insufficient new directors No new directors have joined the board in the last 3 years. The company's board is composed of: No new directors. 4 experienced directors. No highly experienced directors. Independent Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in 2021. The company’s insufficient board refreshment is considered a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. Duyuru • Aug 09
Arc Minerals Limited and Anglo American's Joint Venture Commence Zambia Drilling Arc Minerals Limited announced that, further to its announcement of 2 May 2024 and following the completion of an extensive ground mapping exercise over its Zambian tenements, the Anglo American/Arc joint venture has commenced drilling. A number of holes are planned at Cheyeza following which the Muswema target will be drilled. Further details on the drilling programme will be announced as the drilling progresses. New Risk • Apr 16
New minor risk - Financial data availability The company's latest financial reports are more than 6 months old. Last reported fiscal period ended June 2023. This is considered a minor risk. If the company has not reported its earnings on time, it may have been delayed due to audit problems or it may be finding it difficult to reconcile its accounts. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risk Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Latest financial reports are more than 6 months old (reported June 2023 fiscal period end). Shareholders have been diluted in the past year (16% increase in shares outstanding). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£24.6m market cap, or US$30.6m). New Risk • Mar 27
New minor risk - Shareholder dilution The company's shareholders have been diluted in the past year. Increase in shares outstanding: 20% This is considered a minor risk. Shareholder dilution occurs when there is an increase in the number of shares on issue that is not proportionally distributed between all shareholders. Often due to the company raising equity capital or some options being converted into stock. All else being equal, if there are more shares outstanding then each existing share will be entitled to a lower proportion of the company's total earnings, thus reducing earnings per share (EPS). While dilution might not always result in lower EPS (like if the company is using the capital to fund an EPS accretive acquisition) in a lot cases it does, along with lower dividends per share and less voting power at shareholder meetings. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risk Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Shareholders have been diluted in the past year (20% increase in shares outstanding). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£26.1m market cap, or US$32.9m). Duyuru • Nov 13
Arc Minerals Limited Announces Chief Financial Officer Changes Arc Minerals Limited announced that Ian Lynch has been appointed as non-board Chief Financial Officer and that Rémy Welschinger is stepping down as Finance Director with immediate effect in order to focus on his other ventures. Rémy will remain on the board of directors of the Company as a non-executive director. New Risk • Oct 06
New major risk - Share price stability The company's share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 90% of British stocks, typically moving 13% a week. This is considered a major risk. Share price volatility increases the risk of potential losses in the short-term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. It may also indicate the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Less than 1 year of cash runway based on free cash flow trend (-UK£2.9m free cash flow). Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (13% average weekly change). Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risk Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£37.7m market cap, or US$46.2m). New Risk • Aug 22
New minor risk - Share price stability The company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of British stocks, typically moving 7.4% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Less than 1 year of cash runway based on free cash flow trend (-UK£3.7m free cash flow). Earnings have declined by 9.8% per year over the past 5 years. Revenue is less than US$1m. Minor Risks Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (7.4% average weekly change). Shareholders have been diluted in the past year (6.4% increase in shares outstanding). Market cap is less than US$100m (UK£34.9m market cap, or US$44.5m). Board Change • Apr 27
Less than half of directors are independent Following the recent departure of a director, there is only 1 independent director on the board. The company's board is composed of: 1 independent director. 4 non-independent directors. Senior Independent Director Brian McMaster was the last independent director to join the board, commencing their role in 2017. The company's minority of independent directors is a risk according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. Director Overboarding • Aug 28
Director Valentine Chitalu has joined 6th company board Non-Executive Director Valentine Chitalu has been appointed to the board of Arc Minerals Limited (AIM:ARCM). Chitalu now sits on a total of 6 company boards. According to the Simply Wall St Risk Model, the director is at risk of having too many board obligations. 
