New Risk • Jul 24
New major risk - Share price stability The company's share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 90% of Taiwanese stocks, typically moving 12% a week. This is considered a major risk. Share price volatility increases the risk of potential losses in the short-term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. It may also indicate the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (12% average weekly change). Earnings have declined by 66% per year over the past 5 years. Declared Dividend • May 22
Dividend reduced to NT$0.25 Dividend of NT$0.25 is 50% lower than last year. Ex-date: 4th June 2026 Payment date: 2nd July 2026 Dividend yield will be 0.6%, which is lower than the industry average of 4.0%. Reported Earnings • May 09
First quarter 2026 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.24 (vs NT$0.058 in 1Q 2025) First quarter 2026 results: EPS: NT$0.24 (up from NT$0.058 in 1Q 2025). Revenue: NT$314.4m (down 6.2% from 1Q 2025). Net income: NT$23.9m (up 323% from 1Q 2025). Profit margin: 7.6% (up from 1.7% in 1Q 2025). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 112 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Tillkännagivande • Feb 26
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 20, 2026 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 20, 2026, at 09:00 Taipei Standard Time. Location: 14 floor no,168, sec.2 fu hsing 3rd rd., jhubei city, hsinchu county Taiwan Reported Earnings • Feb 26
Full year 2025 earnings released: NT$0.43 loss per share (vs NT$0.19 profit in FY 2024) Full year 2025 results: NT$0.43 loss per share (down from NT$0.19 profit in FY 2024). Revenue: NT$1.42b (down 8.1% from FY 2024). Net loss: NT$42.3m (down 322% from profit in FY 2024). Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 106 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. New Risk • Feb 06
New minor risk - Market cap size The company's market capitalization is less than US$100m. Market cap: NT$3.17b (US$99.9m) This is considered a minor risk. Companies with a small market capitalization are most likely businesses that have not yet released a product to market or are simply a very small company without a wide reach. Either way, risk is elevated with these companies because there is a chance the product may not come to fruition or the company's addressable market or demand may not be as large as expected. In addition, if the company's size is the main factor, it is less likely to have many investors and analysts following it and scrutinizing its performance and outlook. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Share price has been highly volatile over the past 3 months (12% average weekly change). Earnings have declined by 55% per year over the past 5 years. Minor Risk Market cap is less than US$100m (NT$3.17b market cap, or US$99.9m). Reported Earnings • Nov 09
Third quarter 2025 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.23 (vs NT$0.11 in 3Q 2024) Third quarter 2025 results: EPS: NT$0.23 (up from NT$0.11 in 3Q 2024). Revenue: NT$377.1m (down 8.0% from 3Q 2024). Net income: NT$22.7m (up 104% from 3Q 2024). Profit margin: 6.0% (up from 2.7% in 3Q 2024). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 99 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. New Risk • Oct 01
New minor risk - Share price stability The company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of Taiwanese stocks, typically moving 6.5% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risks Dividend is not well covered by earnings and cash flows. Paying a dividend despite being loss-making. Cash payout ratio: 385% Earnings have declined by 45% per year over the past 5 years. Minor Risks Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (6.5% average weekly change). Market cap is less than US$100m (NT$2.40b market cap, or US$78.8m). Reported Earnings • Aug 09
Second quarter 2025 earnings released: NT$0.82 loss per share (vs NT$0.043 profit in 2Q 2024) Second quarter 2025 results: NT$0.82 loss per share (down from NT$0.043 profit in 2Q 2024). Revenue: NT$352.5m (down 12% from 2Q 2024). Net loss: NT$80.5m (down NT$84.7m from profit in 2Q 2024). Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 78 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Declared Dividend • May 24
Dividend of NT$0.50 announced Dividend of NT$0.50 is the same as last year. Ex-date: 10th June 2025 Payment date: 11th July 2025 Dividend yield will be 2.5%, which is lower than the industry average of 4.0%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is not covered by earnings (257% earnings payout ratio) nor is it covered by cash flows (dividend approximately 37x free cash flows). The dividend has decreased over the past 10 years, indicating a lack of growth and stability in payments. The company's earnings per share (EPS) would need to grow by 186% to bring the payout ratio under control. However, EPS has declined by 20% over the last 5 years so the company would need to reverse this trend. Reported Earnings • May 08
First quarter 2025 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.06 (vs NT$0.13 in 1Q 2024) First quarter 2025 results: EPS: NT$0.06 (down from NT$0.13 in 1Q 2024). Revenue: NT$335.3m (down 6.1% from 1Q 2024). Net income: NT$5.66m (down 57% from 1Q 2024). Profit margin: 1.7% (down from 3.7% in 1Q 2024). The decrease in margin was driven by lower revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 68 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Tillkännagivande • Apr 30
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. to Report Q1, 2025 Results on May 07, 2025 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. announced that they will report Q1, 2025 results on May 07, 2025 Reported Earnings • Mar 09
Full year 2024 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.19 (vs NT$0.37 in FY 2023) Full year 2024 results: EPS: NT$0.19 (down from NT$0.37 in FY 2023). Revenue: NT$1.54b (flat on FY 2023). Net income: NT$19.1m (down 48% from FY 2023). Profit margin: 1.2% (down from 2.3% in FY 2023). Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 67 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Tillkännagivande • Feb 27
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 22, 2025 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 22, 2025. Location: 14 floor no,168, sec.2 fu hsing 3rd rd., jhubei city, hsinchu county Taiwan Tillkännagivande • Feb 19
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. to Report Fiscal Year 2024 Results on Feb 26, 2025 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. announced that they will report fiscal year 2024 results on Feb 26, 2025 Reported Earnings • Nov 18
Third quarter 2024 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.11 (vs NT$0.30 in 3Q 2023) Third quarter 2024 results: EPS: NT$0.11 (down from NT$0.30 in 3Q 2023). Revenue: NT$409.7m (down 8.4% from 3Q 2023). Net income: NT$11.1m (down 62% from 3Q 2023). Profit margin: 2.7% (down from 6.6% in 3Q 2023). The decrease in margin was driven by lower revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 74 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Sep 19
Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 18% After last week's 18% share price gain to NT$24.40, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 48.2x. Average trailing P/E is 23x in the Electronic industry in Taiwan. Total returns to shareholders of 34% over the past three years. Reported Earnings • Aug 17
Second quarter 2024 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.04 (vs NT$0.015 loss in 2Q 2023) Second quarter 2024 results: EPS: NT$0.04 (up from NT$0.015 loss in 2Q 2023). Revenue: NT$400.7m (up 9.8% from 2Q 2023). Net income: NT$4.23m (up NT$5.67m from 2Q 2023). Profit margin: 1.1% (up from net loss in 2Q 2023). The move to profitability was driven by higher revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 74 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Tillkännagivande • Jul 31
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. to Report Q2, 2024 Results on Aug 07, 2024 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. announced that they will report Q2, 2024 results on Aug 07, 2024 Declared Dividend • May 27
Dividend of NT$0.50 announced Shareholders will receive a dividend of NT$0.50. Ex-date: 11th June 2024 Payment date: 8th July 2024 Dividend yield will be 2.2%, which is lower than the industry average of 4.0%. Sustainability & Growth Dividend is not covered by earnings (110% earnings payout ratio) and the company has no free cash flows available, indicating it may be using cash reserves or debt to pay the dividend. The dividend has decreased over the past 10 years, indicating a lack of growth and stability in payments. The company's earnings per share (EPS) would need to grow by 22% to bring the payout ratio under control. However, EPS has declined by 14% over the last 5 years so the company would need to reverse this trend. Tillkännagivande • May 25
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. Announces Board Changes Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. announced Title and name of the previous position holder: Director: Lin Wei-Hong; Director: Chen Ching-Chi; Independent Director: Yu Tsai-An Title and name of the new position holder: Director: Representative of E INK HOLDINGS INC.: Chan Ning-Wei/Senior Assistant Vice President of Central R&D Department, /E INK HOLDINGS INC. President, Yuan Han Materials Inc.; Independent Director: Hu Han-Liang/Partner Accountant of Fair & Taiwan. Effective date of the new appointment: May 24, 2024. Reported Earnings • May 17
First quarter 2024 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.13 (vs NT$0.055 in 1Q 2023) First quarter 2024 results: EPS: NT$0.13 (up from NT$0.055 in 1Q 2023). Revenue: NT$357.0m (up 13% from 1Q 2023). Net income: NT$13.1m (up 144% from 1Q 2023). Profit margin: 3.7% (up from 1.7% in 1Q 2023). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 76 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Tillkännagivande • May 02
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. to Report Q1, 2024 Results on May 07, 2024 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd. announced that they will report Q1, 2024 results on May 07, 2024 Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Mar 13
Investor sentiment deteriorates as stock falls 17% After last week's 17% share price decline to NT$22.00, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 59.5x. Average trailing P/E is 23x in the Electronic industry in Taiwan. Total returns to shareholders of 3.7% over the past three years. Reported Earnings • Mar 07
Full year 2023 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.37 (vs NT$0.35 in FY 2022) Full year 2023 results: EPS: NT$0.37 (up from NT$0.35 in FY 2022). Revenue: NT$1.55b (down 6.0% from FY 2022). Net income: NT$36.3m (up 5.5% from FY 2022). Profit margin: 2.3% (up from 2.1% in FY 2022). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, the company's share price growth rate has exceeded its earnings growth rate by 71 percentage points per year, which is a significant difference in performance. Tillkännagivande • Feb 28
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 24, 2024 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 24, 2024. Location: No. 168, Sec. 2, Fuxing Hsinchu County Hsinchu Taiwan Agenda: To discuss 2023 Audit Committees Review Report; to discuss Report on the distribution of remunerations to employees and directors in 2023; and to discuss other matter. New Risk • Aug 09
New major risk - Revenue and earnings growth Earnings have declined by 2.3% per year over the past 5 years. This is considered a major risk. Ultimately, shareholders want to see a good return on their investment and that generally comes from sharing in the company's profits. If profits are declining over an extended period, then in most cases the share price will decline over time unless the company can turn around its fortunes. A trend of falling earnings can be very difficult to turn around. If the company is well already established it may also be a sign the company has matured and is in decline. In addition, if the company pays dividends it will also likely need to reduce or cut them, striking a dual blow to total shareholder returns. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Major Risk Earnings have declined by 2.3% per year over the past 5 years. Minor Risks Paying a dividend despite being loss-making. Profit margins are more than 30% lower than last year (0.3% net profit margin). Market cap is less than US$100m (NT$1.68b market cap, or US$52.9m). Reported Earnings • Aug 08
Second quarter 2023 earnings released: NT$0.01 loss per share (vs NT$0.067 loss in 2Q 2022) Second quarter 2023 results: NT$0.01 loss per share (improved from NT$0.067 loss in 2Q 2022). Revenue: NT$364.9m (down 7.8% from 2Q 2022). Net loss: NT$1.45m (loss narrowed 78% from 2Q 2022). Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 36% per year but the company’s share price has increased by 7% per year, which means it is well ahead of earnings. Upcoming Dividend • Jun 02
Upcoming dividend of NT$0.48 per share at 2.8% yield Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 09 June 2023. Payment date: 07 July 2023. The company is not currently making a profit but it is cash flow positive. Trailing yield: 2.8%. Lower than top quartile of Taiwanese dividend payers (5.6%). Lower than average of industry peers (4.4%). Reported Earnings • Mar 09
Full year 2022 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.35 (vs NT$1.76 in FY 2021) Full year 2022 results: EPS: NT$0.35 (down from NT$1.76 in FY 2021). Revenue: NT$1.65b (down 16% from FY 2021). Net income: NT$34.4m (down 80% from FY 2021). Profit margin: 2.1% (down from 8.8% in FY 2021). The decrease in margin was driven by lower revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 12% per year whereas the company’s share price has increased by 14% per year. Buying Opportunity • Nov 17
Now 20% undervalued after recent price drop Over the last 90 days, the stock is down 15%. The fair value is estimated to be NT$18.99, however this is not to be taken as a buy recommendation but rather should be used as a guide only. Revenue has been flat over the last 3 years. Earnings per share has grown by 34%. Board Change • Nov 16
Less than half of directors are independent No new directors have joined the board in the last 3 years. The company's board is composed of: No new directors. 10 experienced directors. No highly experienced directors. 3 independent directors (4 non-independent directors). was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in . The following issues are considered to be risks according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model: Minority of independent directors. Insufficient board refreshment. Buying Opportunity • Nov 11
Now 20% undervalued after recent price drop Over the last 90 days, the stock is down 10%. The fair value is estimated to be NT$19.03, however this is not to be taken as a buy recommendation but rather should be used as a guide only. Revenue has been flat over the last 3 years. Earnings per share has grown by 34%. Reported Earnings • Nov 09
Third quarter 2022 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.08 (vs NT$0.52 in 3Q 2021) Third quarter 2022 results: EPS: NT$0.08 (down from NT$0.52 in 3Q 2021). Revenue: NT$445.3m (down 18% from 3Q 2021). Net income: NT$8.31m (down 84% from 3Q 2021). Profit margin: 1.9% (down from 9.4% in 3Q 2021). The decrease in margin was driven by lower revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 34% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 3% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings. Reported Earnings • Aug 10
Second quarter 2022 earnings released: NT$0.07 loss per share (vs NT$0.45 profit in 2Q 2021) Second quarter 2022 results: NT$0.07 loss per share (down from NT$0.45 profit in 2Q 2021). Revenue: NT$395.6m (down 16% from 2Q 2021). Net loss: NT$6.57m (down 115% from profit in 2Q 2021). Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 47% per year but the company’s share price has fallen by 3% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings. Upcoming Dividend • May 26
Upcoming dividend of NT$1.40 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 02 June 2022. Payment date: 01 July 2022. Payout ratio is on the higher end at 79%, however this is supported by cash flows. Trailing yield: 6.4%. Within top quartile of Taiwanese dividend payers (6.1%). Higher than average of industry peers (4.3%). Reported Earnings • May 13
First quarter 2022 earnings released: EPS: NT$0.41 (vs NT$0.40 in 1Q 2021) First quarter 2022 results: EPS: NT$0.41 (up from NT$0.40 in 1Q 2021). Revenue: NT$432.5m (down 3.5% from 1Q 2021). Net income: NT$40.0m (up 3.1% from 1Q 2021). Profit margin: 9.2% (up from 8.7% in 1Q 2021). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 50% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 4% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Board Change • Apr 27
Less than half of directors are independent No new directors have joined the board in the last 3 years. The company's board is composed of: No new directors. 10 experienced directors. No highly experienced directors. 3 independent directors (4 non-independent directors). was the last director to join the board, commencing their role in . The following issues are considered to be risks according to the Simply Wall St Risk Model: Minority of independent directors. Insufficient board refreshment. Tillkännagivande • Mar 03
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 17, 2022 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 17, 2022. Reported Earnings • Mar 01
Full year 2021 earnings: EPS in line with expectations, revenues disappoint Full year 2021 results: EPS: NT$1.76 (up from NT$1.61 in FY 2020). Revenue: NT$1.96b (up 12% from FY 2020). Net income: NT$173.1m (up 9.3% from FY 2020). Profit margin: 8.8% (down from 9.1% in FY 2020). The decrease in margin was driven by higher expenses. Revenue missed analyst estimates by 100%. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 46% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 2% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Reported Earnings • Nov 07
Third quarter 2021 earnings released: EPS NT$0.52 (vs NT$0.73 in 3Q 2020) The company reported a soft third quarter result with weaker earnings and profit margins, although revenues improved. Third quarter 2021 results: Revenue: NT$544.5m (up 3.5% from 3Q 2020). Net income: NT$51.1m (down 28% from 3Q 2020). Profit margin: 9.4% (down from 14% in 3Q 2020). The decrease in margin was driven by higher expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 38% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 7% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Reported Earnings • Aug 10
Second quarter 2021 earnings released: EPS NT$0.45 (vs NT$0.18 in 2Q 2020) The company reported a strong second quarter result with improved earnings, revenues and profit margins. Second quarter 2021 results: Revenue: NT$470.9m (up 24% from 2Q 2020). Net income: NT$44.6m (up 157% from 2Q 2020). Profit margin: 9.5% (up from 4.6% in 2Q 2020). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 25% per year but the company’s share price has only increased by 1% per year, which means it is significantly lagging earnings growth. Upcoming Dividend • Aug 02
Upcoming dividend of NT$1.25 per share Eligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 09 August 2021. Payment date: 03 September 2021. Trailing yield: 4.9%. Lower than top quartile of Taiwanese dividend payers (5.0%). Higher than average of industry peers (3.0%). Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • May 13
Investor sentiment deteriorated over the past week After last week's 16% share price decline to NT$20.35, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 10x. Average trailing P/E is 16x in the Electronic industry in Taiwan. Total returns to shareholders of 2.4% over the past three years. Reported Earnings • May 09
First quarter 2021 earnings released: EPS NT$0.40 (vs NT$0.033 in 1Q 2020) The company reported a strong first quarter result with improved earnings, revenues and profit margins. First quarter 2021 results: Revenue: NT$448.0m (up 38% from 1Q 2020). Net income: NT$38.8m (up NT$35.6m from 1Q 2020). Profit margin: 8.7% (up from 1.0% in 1Q 2020). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has increased by 6% per year whereas the company’s share price has increased by 5% per year. Tillkännagivande • Mar 09
Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 25, 2021 Asia Electronic Material Co., Ltd., Annual General Meeting, May 25, 2021. Reported Earnings • Feb 26
Full year 2020 earnings released: EPS NT$1.61 (vs NT$0.36 in FY 2019) The company reported a decent full year result with improved earnings and profit margins, although revenues were weaker. Full year 2020 results: Revenue: NT$1.74b (down 7.4% from FY 2019). Net income: NT$158.4m (up 345% from FY 2019). Profit margin: 9.1% (up from 1.9% in FY 2019). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 14% per year but the company’s share price has increased by 5% per year, which means it is well ahead of earnings. Is New 90 Day High Low • Feb 20
New 90-day high: NT$22.70 The company is up 23% from its price of NT$18.50 on 20 November 2020. The Taiwanese market is up 18% over the last 90 days, indicating the company outperformed over that time. However, it underperformed the Electronic industry, which is up 24% over the same period. Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Dec 30
Investor sentiment improved over the past week After last week's 23% share price gain to NT$22.00, the stock is trading at a trailing P/E ratio of 18.9x, up from the previous P/E ratio of 15.4x. This compares to an average P/E of 17x in the Electronic industry in Taiwan. Total returns to shareholders over the past three years are 13%. Is New 90 Day High Low • Dec 30
New 90-day high: NT$20.00 The company is up 25% from its price of NT$16.05 on 30 September 2020. The Taiwanese market is up 15% over the last 90 days, indicating the company outperformed over that time. It also outperformed the Electronic industry, which is up 16% over the same period. Is New 90 Day High Low • Dec 05
New 90-day high: NT$18.70 The company is up 20% from its price of NT$15.60 on 04 September 2020. The Taiwanese market is up 11% over the last 90 days, indicating the company outperformed over that time. It also outperformed the Electronic industry, which is up 9.0% over the same period. Is New 90 Day High Low • Nov 16
New 90-day high: NT$18.30 The company is up 23% from its price of NT$14.85 on 18 August 2020. The Taiwanese market is up 2.0% over the last 90 days, indicating the company outperformed over that time. It also outperformed the Electronic industry, which is down 3.0% over the same period. Reported Earnings • Nov 09
Third quarter 2020 earnings released: EPS NT$0.73 The company reported a decent third quarter result with improved earnings and profit margins, although revenues were flat. Third quarter 2020 results: Revenue: NT$526.1m (flat on 3Q 2019). Net income: NT$71.4m (up 435% from 3Q 2019). Profit margin: 14% (up from 2.5% in 3Q 2019). The increase in margin was driven by lower expenses. Over the last 3 years on average, earnings per share has fallen by 33% per year but the company’s share price has only fallen by 3% per year, which means it has not declined as severely as earnings. Is New 90 Day High Low • Oct 08
New 90-day high: NT$17.00 The company is up 25% from its price of NT$13.60 on 10 July 2020. The Taiwanese market is up 3.0% over the last 90 days, indicating the company outperformed over that time. It also outperformed the Electronic industry, which is down 6.0% over the same period.