Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão, SGPS, S.A. (ELI:SEM) Shares Could Be 45% Below Their Intrinsic Value Estimate

Today we will run through one way of estimating the intrinsic value of Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão, SGPS, S.A. (ELI:SEM) by taking the expected future cash flows and discounting them to their present value. This will be done using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. Models like these may appear beyond the comprehension of a lay person, but they're fairly easy to follow.

Companies can be valued in a lot of ways, so we would point out that a DCF is not perfect for every situation. If you still have some burning questions about this type of valuation, take a look at the Simply Wall St analysis model.

Check out our latest analysis for Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão SGPS

Is Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão SGPS fairly valued?

We use what is known as a 2-stage model, which simply means we have two different periods of growth rates for the company's cash flows. Generally the first stage is higher growth, and the second stage is a lower growth phase. To begin with, we have to get estimates of the next ten years of cash flows. Where possible we use analyst estimates, but when these aren't available we extrapolate the previous free cash flow (FCF) from the last estimate or reported value. We assume companies with shrinking free cash flow will slow their rate of shrinkage, and that companies with growing free cash flow will see their growth rate slow, over this period. We do this to reflect that growth tends to slow more in the early years than it does in later years.

A DCF is all about the idea that a dollar in the future is less valuable than a dollar today, so we need to discount the sum of these future cash flows to arrive at a present value estimate:

10-year free cash flow (FCF) estimate

	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030
Levered FCF (€, Millions)	€276.0m	€272.0m	€273.0m	€273.7m	€275.9m	€279.3m	€283.4m	€288.2m	€293.4m	€299.0m
Growth Rate Estimate Source	Analyst x1	Analyst x1	Analyst x1	Est @ 0.26%	Est @ 0.82%	Est @ 1.21%	Est @ 1.49%	Est @ 1.68%	Est @ 1.81%	Est @ 1.91%
Present Value (€, Millions) Discounted @ 22%	€226	€182	€150	€123	€101	€83.8	€69.6	€57.9	€48.3	€40.2

("Est" = FCF growth rate estimated by Simply Wall St)
Present Value of 10-year Cash Flow (PVCF) = €1.1b

After calculating the present value of future cash flows in the initial 10-year period, we need to calculate the Terminal Value, which accounts for all future cash flows beyond the first stage. The Gordon Growth formula is used to calculate Terminal Value at a future annual growth rate equal to the 5-year average of the 10-year government bond yield of 2.1%. We discount the terminal cash flows to today's value at a cost of equity of 22%.

Terminal Value (TV)= FCF₂₀₃₀ × (1 + g) ÷ (r – g) = €299m× (1 + 2.1%) ÷ (22%– 2.1%) = €1.5b

Present Value of Terminal Value (PVTV)= TV / (1 + r)¹⁰= €1.5b÷ ( 1 + 22%)¹⁰= €205m

The total value, or equity value, is then the sum of the present value of the future cash flows, which in this case is €1.3b. In the final step we divide the equity value by the number of shares outstanding. Compared to the current share price of €8.8, the company appears quite good value at a 45% discount to where the stock price trades currently. Remember though, that this is just an approximate valuation, and like any complex formula - garbage in, garbage out.

The assumptions

Now the most important inputs to a discounted cash flow are the discount rate, and of course, the actual cash flows. Part of investing is coming up with your own evaluation of a company's future performance, so try the calculation yourself and check your own assumptions. The DCF also does not consider the possible cyclicality of an industry, or a company's future capital requirements, so it does not give a full picture of a company's potential performance. Given that we are looking at Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão SGPS as potential shareholders, the cost of equity is used as the discount rate, rather than the cost of capital (or weighted average cost of capital, WACC) which accounts for debt. In this calculation we've used 22%, which is based on a levered beta of 2.000. Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility, compared to the market as a whole. We get our beta from the industry average beta of globally comparable companies, with an imposed limit between 0.8 and 2.0, which is a reasonable range for a stable business.

Next Steps:

Valuation is only one side of the coin in terms of building your investment thesis, and it shouldn't be the only metric you look at when researching a company. The DCF model is not a perfect stock valuation tool. Rather it should be seen as a guide to "what assumptions need to be true for this stock to be under/overvalued?" For example, changes in the company's cost of equity or the risk free rate can significantly impact the valuation. Can we work out why the company is trading at a discount to intrinsic value? For Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão SGPS, we've put together three further items you should consider:

1. Risks: We feel that you should assess the 3 warning signs for Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão SGPS (1 is concerning!) we've flagged before making an investment in the company.
2. Future Earnings: How does SEM's growth rate compare to its peers and the wider market? Dig deeper into the analyst consensus number for the upcoming years by interacting with our free analyst growth expectation chart.
3. Other High Quality Alternatives: Do you like a good all-rounder? Explore our interactive list of high quality stocks to get an idea of what else is out there you may be missing!

PS. The Simply Wall St app conducts a discounted cash flow valuation for every stock on the ENXTLS every day. If you want to find the calculation for other stocks just search here.

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This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.
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