View ValuationPC Partner Group 향후 성장Future 기준 점검 3/6PC Partner Group (는) 각각 연간 6.4% 및 7.7% 수익과 수익이 증가할 것으로 예상됩니다. EPS는 연간 9.9% 만큼 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다. 자기자본이익률은 3년 후 17.3% 로 예상됩니다.핵심 정보6.4%이익 성장률9.92%EPS 성장률Tech 이익 성장27.4%매출 성장률7.7%향후 자기자본이익률17.30%애널리스트 커버리지Low마지막 업데이트18 Mar 2026최근 향후 성장 업데이트공지 • Jan 20PC Partner Group Limited Provides Unaudited Earnings Guidance for the Year Ended 31 December 2025PC Partner Group Limited provided unaudited earnings guidance for the year ended 31 December 2025. For the period, the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders at approximately HKD 450 million for the year ended 31 December 2025, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 262 million for the year ended 31 December 2024. The change was mainly due to an increase in sales revenue together with an improvement in the gross profit margin which had mainly resulted from a strong demand for the new Blackwell series of video graphics cards launched in the first quarter of 2025.공지 • Jul 18PC Partner Group Limited Provides Earnings Guidance for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Pc Partner Group Limited provided earnings guidance for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2025. For the period, the company the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 250 million, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 194 million for the six months ended 30 June 2024. The change was mainly due to a significant increase in sales revenue for the six months ended 30 June 2025 which was mainly due to a strong demand for the new RTX 50 series video graphics cards launched in the first half of 2025.모든 업데이트 보기Recent updatesValuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Jan 24Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 22%After last week's 22% share price gain to S$1.39, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 9x. Average forward P/E is 16x in the Tech industry in Asia. Total returns to shareholders of 52% over the past year.New Risk • Jan 20New minor risk - Share price stabilityThe company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of Singaporean stocks, typically moving 9.2% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. This is currently the only risk that has been identified for the company.공지 • Jan 20PC Partner Group Limited Provides Unaudited Earnings Guidance for the Year Ended 31 December 2025PC Partner Group Limited provided unaudited earnings guidance for the year ended 31 December 2025. For the period, the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders at approximately HKD 450 million for the year ended 31 December 2025, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 262 million for the year ended 31 December 2024. The change was mainly due to an increase in sales revenue together with an improvement in the gross profit margin which had mainly resulted from a strong demand for the new Blackwell series of video graphics cards launched in the first quarter of 2025.분석 기사 • Jan 16There's No Escaping PC Partner Group Limited's (SGX:PCT) Muted Earnings Despite A 32% Share Price RisePC Partner Group Limited ( SGX:PCT ) shares have had a really impressive month, gaining 32% after a shaky period...New Risk • Jan 16New minor risk - Market cap sizeThe company's market capitalization is less than US$100m. Market cap: S$74.3m (US$57.7m) This is considered a minor risk. Companies with a small market capitalization are most likely businesses that have not yet released a product to market or are simply a very small company without a wide reach. Either way, risk is elevated with these companies because there is a chance the product may not come to fruition or the company's addressable market or demand may not be as large as expected. In addition, if the company's size is the main factor, it is less likely to have many investors and analysts following it and scrutinizing its performance and outlook. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Minor Risks Dividend is not well covered by cash flows (0% cash payout ratio). Market cap is less than US$100m (S$74.3m market cap, or US$57.7m).Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Jan 09Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 22%After last week's 22% share price gain to S$1.15, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 6x. Average forward P/E is 16x in the Tech industry in Asia. Total returns to shareholders of 31% over the past year.공지 • Jan 09PC Partner Group Limited(SEHK:1263) dropped from S&P Global BMI IndexPC Partner Group Limited(SEHK:1263) dropped from S&P Global BMI IndexUpcoming Dividend • Sep 10Upcoming dividend of HK$0.25 per shareEligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 17 September 2025. Payment date: 10 October 2025. Payout ratio is a comfortable 49% and this is well supported by cash flows. Trailing yield: 5.4%. Within top quartile of Singaporean dividend payers (5.4%). Higher than average of industry peers (2.4%).공지 • Aug 22PC Partner Group Limited Announces Interim Ordinary Dividend for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2025, Payable on October 10, 2025PC Partner Group Limited announced an interim ordinary dividend of HKD 0.25 per share for the the six months ended 30 June 2025. Ex-dividend date 17 September 2025. Record date 19 September 2025. Payment date 10 October 2025.Reported Earnings • Aug 21First half 2025 earnings released: EPS: HK$0.65 (vs HK$0.50 in 1H 2024)First half 2025 results: EPS: HK$0.65 (up from HK$0.50 in 1H 2024). Revenue: HK$6.36b (up 28% from 1H 2024). Net income: HK$250.4m (up 29% from 1H 2024). Profit margin: 3.9% (in line with 1H 2024).공지 • Aug 09PC Partner Group Limited to Report First Half, 2025 Results on Aug 19, 2025PC Partner Group Limited announced that they will report first half, 2025 results on Aug 19, 2025공지 • Jul 18PC Partner Group Limited Provides Earnings Guidance for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Pc Partner Group Limited provided earnings guidance for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2025. For the period, the company the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 250 million, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 194 million for the six months ended 30 June 2024. The change was mainly due to a significant increase in sales revenue for the six months ended 30 June 2025 which was mainly due to a strong demand for the new RTX 50 series video graphics cards launched in the first half of 2025.Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Jul 17Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 17%After last week's 17% share price gain to S$1.30, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 11.9x. Average trailing P/E is 21x in the Tech industry in Asia.Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Apr 14Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 18%After last week's 18% share price gain to S$1.27, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 10.6x. Average trailing P/E is 19x in the Tech industry in Asia.Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Mar 25Investor sentiment deteriorates as stock falls 18%After last week's 18% share price decline to S$1.80, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 15.5x. Average trailing P/E is 22x in the Tech industry in Asia.Recent Insider Transactions • Mar 20Executive Director recently sold S$91k worth of stockOn the 18th of March, Nai Nap Ho sold around 41k shares on-market at roughly S$2.22 per share. This transaction amounted to less than 1% of their direct individual holding at the time of the trade. This was the largest sale by an insider in the last 3 months. Insiders have been net sellers, collectively disposing of S$106k more than they bought in the last 12 months.Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Mar 10Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 33%After last week's 33% share price gain to S$1.87, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 16.1x. Average trailing P/E is 22x in the Tech industry in Asia.Buy Or Sell Opportunity • Mar 05Now 27% overvalued after recent price riseOver the last 90 days, the stock has risen 72% to S$1.50. The fair value is estimated to be S$1.18, however this is not to be taken as a sell recommendation but rather should be used as a guide only. Revenue has declined by 19% over the last 3 years. Earnings per share has declined by 100%.Reported Earnings • Mar 02Full year 2024 earnings released: EPS: HK$0.68 (vs HK$0.16 in FY 2023)Full year 2024 results: EPS: HK$0.68 (up from HK$0.16 in FY 2023). Revenue: HK$10.1b (up 10.0% from FY 2023). Net income: HK$262.1m (up 331% from FY 2023). Profit margin: 2.6% (up from 0.7% in FY 2023). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue.공지 • Feb 28+ 1 more updatePC Partner Group Limited, Annual General Meeting, Apr 25, 2025PC Partner Group Limited, Annual General Meeting, Apr 25, 2025.New Risk • Feb 25New minor risk - Share price stabilityThe company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of Singaporean stocks, typically moving 8.0% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Minor Risks Unstable dividend paying track record with dividend experiencing an annual drop of over 20% in the past. Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (8.0% average weekly change).공지 • Feb 18PC Partner Group Limited to Report Fiscal Year 2024 Final Results on Feb 28, 2025PC Partner Group Limited announced that they will report fiscal year 2024 final results on Feb 28, 2025Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Feb 12Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 15%After last week's 15% share price gain to S$1.12, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 10.7x. Average trailing P/E is 23x in the Tech industry in Asia.이익 및 매출 성장 예측SGX:PCT - 애널리스트 향후 추정치 및 과거 재무 데이터 (HKD Millions)날짜매출이익자유현금흐름영업현금흐름평균 애널리스트 수12/31/202818,1548802961,140112/31/202715,1547221,3972,847112/31/202615,6671,0921,4273,951112/31/202513,9524942,7702,815N/A9/30/202512,7224062,3382,441N/A6/30/202511,4933181,9072,067N/A3/31/202510,7872901,8572,011N/A12/31/202410,0822621,8081,955N/A9/30/202410,0092481,9051,990N/A6/30/20249,9362352,0012,026N/A3/31/20249,5521482,7672,801N/A12/31/20239,167613,5333,575N/A9/30/20238,755-93,6663,755N/A6/30/20238,343-803,8003,935N/A3/31/20239,5593112,9643,304N/A12/31/202210,7757022,1282,673N/A9/30/202212,9961,4733,0593,573N/A6/30/202215,2182,2443,9894,474N/A3/31/202215,3382,3095,4235,698N/A12/31/202115,4592,3746,8566,923N/A9/30/202113,3901,7416,4786,524N/A6/30/202111,3201,1086,0996,126N/A3/31/20219,5416575,3355,353N/A12/31/20207,7622074,5704,579N/A9/30/20207,5941644,1704,178N/A6/30/20207,4261213,7703,776N/A3/31/20207,491663,8663,876N/A12/31/20197,556103,9613,976N/A9/30/20197,281-69N/A7,075N/A6/30/20197,005-148N/A10,173N/A3/31/20198,06461N/A9,120N/A12/31/20189,122271N/A8,067N/A9/30/201810,122450N/A4,208N/A6/30/201811,122629N/A348N/A3/31/20189,839480N/A552N/A12/31/20178,555332N/A756N/A9/30/20177,433245N/A531N/A6/30/20176,311157N/A306N/A3/31/20176,075154N/A163N/A12/31/20165,838150N/A20N/A9/30/20165,50898N/A108N/A6/30/20165,17746N/A197N/A3/31/20164,96614N/A175N/A12/31/20154,754-18N/A153N/A9/30/20154,6610N/A79N/A6/30/20154,56718N/A5N/A더 보기애널리스트 향후 성장 전망수입 대 저축률: PCT 의 연간 예상 수익 증가율(6.4%)이 saving rate(2.6%)보다 높습니다.수익 vs 시장: PCT 의 연간 수익(6.4%)이 SG 시장(5.6%)보다 빠르게 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다.고성장 수익: PCT 의 수입은 증가할 것으로 예상되지만 상당히 증가하지는 않을 것입니다.수익 대 시장: PCT 의 수익(연간 7.7%)이 SG 시장(연간 5.1%)보다 빠르게 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다.고성장 매출: PCT 의 수익(연간 7.7%)은 연간 20%보다 느리게 증가할 것으로 예상됩니다.주당순이익 성장 예측향후 자기자본이익률미래 ROE: PCT의 자본 수익률은 3년 후 17.3%로 낮을 것으로 예상됩니다.성장 기업 찾아보기7D1Y7D1Y7D1YTech 산업의 고성장 기업.View Past Performance기업 분석 및 재무 데이터 상태데이터최종 업데이트 (UTC 시간)기업 분석2026/05/08 21:54종가2026/05/08 00:00수익2025/12/31연간 수익2025/12/31데이터 소스당사의 기업 분석에 사용되는 데이터는 S&P Global Market Intelligence LLC에서 제공됩니다. 아래 데이터는 이 보고서를 생성하기 위해 분석 모델에서 사용됩니다. 데이터는 정규화되므로 소스가 제공된 후 지연이 발생할 수 있습니다.패키지데이터기간미국 소스 예시 *기업 재무제표10년손익계산서현금흐름표대차대조표SEC 양식 10-KSEC 양식 10-Q분석가 컨센서스 추정치+3년재무 예측분석가 목표주가분석가 리서치 보고서Blue Matrix시장 가격30년주가배당, 분할 및 기타 조치ICE 시장 데이터SEC 양식 S-1지분 구조10년주요 주주내부자 거래SEC 양식 4SEC 양식 13D경영진10년리더십 팀이사회SEC 양식 10-KSEC 양식 DEF 14A주요 개발10년회사 공시SEC 양식 8-K* 미국 증권에 대한 예시이며, 비(非)미국 증권에는 해당 국가의 규제 서식 및 자료원을 사용합니다.별도로 명시되지 않는 한 모든 재무 데이터는 연간 기간을 기준으로 하지만 분기별로 업데이트됩니다. 이를 TTM(최근 12개월) 또는 LTM(지난 12개월) 데이터라고 합니다. 자세히 알아보기.분석 모델 및 스노우플레이크이 보고서를 생성하는 데 사용된 분석 모델에 대한 자세한 내용은 당사의 Github 페이지에서 확인하실 수 있습니다. 또한 보고서 활용 방법에 대한 가이드와 YouTube 튜토리얼도 제공합니다.Simply Wall St 분석 모델을 설계하고 구축한 세계적 수준의 팀에 대해 알아보세요.산업 및 섹터 지표산업 및 섹터 지표는 Simply Wall St가 6시간마다 계산하며, 프로세스에 대한 자세한 내용은 Github에서 확인할 수 있습니다.분석가 소스PC Partner Group Limited는 1명의 분석가가 다루고 있습니다. 이 중 1명의 분석가가 우리 보고서에 입력 데이터로 사용되는 매출 또는 수익 추정치를 제출했습니다. 분석가의 제출 자료는 하루 종일 업데이트됩니다.분석가기관Ting Shuo ChongKGI Securities Co. Ltd.
공지 • Jan 20PC Partner Group Limited Provides Unaudited Earnings Guidance for the Year Ended 31 December 2025PC Partner Group Limited provided unaudited earnings guidance for the year ended 31 December 2025. For the period, the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders at approximately HKD 450 million for the year ended 31 December 2025, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 262 million for the year ended 31 December 2024. The change was mainly due to an increase in sales revenue together with an improvement in the gross profit margin which had mainly resulted from a strong demand for the new Blackwell series of video graphics cards launched in the first quarter of 2025.
공지 • Jul 18PC Partner Group Limited Provides Earnings Guidance for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Pc Partner Group Limited provided earnings guidance for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2025. For the period, the company the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 250 million, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 194 million for the six months ended 30 June 2024. The change was mainly due to a significant increase in sales revenue for the six months ended 30 June 2025 which was mainly due to a strong demand for the new RTX 50 series video graphics cards launched in the first half of 2025.
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Jan 24Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 22%After last week's 22% share price gain to S$1.39, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 9x. Average forward P/E is 16x in the Tech industry in Asia. Total returns to shareholders of 52% over the past year.
New Risk • Jan 20New minor risk - Share price stabilityThe company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of Singaporean stocks, typically moving 9.2% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. This is currently the only risk that has been identified for the company.
공지 • Jan 20PC Partner Group Limited Provides Unaudited Earnings Guidance for the Year Ended 31 December 2025PC Partner Group Limited provided unaudited earnings guidance for the year ended 31 December 2025. For the period, the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders at approximately HKD 450 million for the year ended 31 December 2025, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 262 million for the year ended 31 December 2024. The change was mainly due to an increase in sales revenue together with an improvement in the gross profit margin which had mainly resulted from a strong demand for the new Blackwell series of video graphics cards launched in the first quarter of 2025.
분석 기사 • Jan 16There's No Escaping PC Partner Group Limited's (SGX:PCT) Muted Earnings Despite A 32% Share Price RisePC Partner Group Limited ( SGX:PCT ) shares have had a really impressive month, gaining 32% after a shaky period...
New Risk • Jan 16New minor risk - Market cap sizeThe company's market capitalization is less than US$100m. Market cap: S$74.3m (US$57.7m) This is considered a minor risk. Companies with a small market capitalization are most likely businesses that have not yet released a product to market or are simply a very small company without a wide reach. Either way, risk is elevated with these companies because there is a chance the product may not come to fruition or the company's addressable market or demand may not be as large as expected. In addition, if the company's size is the main factor, it is less likely to have many investors and analysts following it and scrutinizing its performance and outlook. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Minor Risks Dividend is not well covered by cash flows (0% cash payout ratio). Market cap is less than US$100m (S$74.3m market cap, or US$57.7m).
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Jan 09Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 22%After last week's 22% share price gain to S$1.15, the stock trades at a forward P/E ratio of 6x. Average forward P/E is 16x in the Tech industry in Asia. Total returns to shareholders of 31% over the past year.
공지 • Jan 09PC Partner Group Limited(SEHK:1263) dropped from S&P Global BMI IndexPC Partner Group Limited(SEHK:1263) dropped from S&P Global BMI Index
Upcoming Dividend • Sep 10Upcoming dividend of HK$0.25 per shareEligible shareholders must have bought the stock before 17 September 2025. Payment date: 10 October 2025. Payout ratio is a comfortable 49% and this is well supported by cash flows. Trailing yield: 5.4%. Within top quartile of Singaporean dividend payers (5.4%). Higher than average of industry peers (2.4%).
공지 • Aug 22PC Partner Group Limited Announces Interim Ordinary Dividend for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2025, Payable on October 10, 2025PC Partner Group Limited announced an interim ordinary dividend of HKD 0.25 per share for the the six months ended 30 June 2025. Ex-dividend date 17 September 2025. Record date 19 September 2025. Payment date 10 October 2025.
Reported Earnings • Aug 21First half 2025 earnings released: EPS: HK$0.65 (vs HK$0.50 in 1H 2024)First half 2025 results: EPS: HK$0.65 (up from HK$0.50 in 1H 2024). Revenue: HK$6.36b (up 28% from 1H 2024). Net income: HK$250.4m (up 29% from 1H 2024). Profit margin: 3.9% (in line with 1H 2024).
공지 • Aug 09PC Partner Group Limited to Report First Half, 2025 Results on Aug 19, 2025PC Partner Group Limited announced that they will report first half, 2025 results on Aug 19, 2025
공지 • Jul 18PC Partner Group Limited Provides Earnings Guidance for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Pc Partner Group Limited provided earnings guidance for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2025. For the period, the company the Board expects the Group to report a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 250 million, compared to a net profit attributable to Shareholders of approximately HKD 194 million for the six months ended 30 June 2024. The change was mainly due to a significant increase in sales revenue for the six months ended 30 June 2025 which was mainly due to a strong demand for the new RTX 50 series video graphics cards launched in the first half of 2025.
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Jul 17Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 17%After last week's 17% share price gain to S$1.30, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 11.9x. Average trailing P/E is 21x in the Tech industry in Asia.
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Apr 14Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 18%After last week's 18% share price gain to S$1.27, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 10.6x. Average trailing P/E is 19x in the Tech industry in Asia.
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Mar 25Investor sentiment deteriorates as stock falls 18%After last week's 18% share price decline to S$1.80, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 15.5x. Average trailing P/E is 22x in the Tech industry in Asia.
Recent Insider Transactions • Mar 20Executive Director recently sold S$91k worth of stockOn the 18th of March, Nai Nap Ho sold around 41k shares on-market at roughly S$2.22 per share. This transaction amounted to less than 1% of their direct individual holding at the time of the trade. This was the largest sale by an insider in the last 3 months. Insiders have been net sellers, collectively disposing of S$106k more than they bought in the last 12 months.
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Mar 10Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 33%After last week's 33% share price gain to S$1.87, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 16.1x. Average trailing P/E is 22x in the Tech industry in Asia.
Buy Or Sell Opportunity • Mar 05Now 27% overvalued after recent price riseOver the last 90 days, the stock has risen 72% to S$1.50. The fair value is estimated to be S$1.18, however this is not to be taken as a sell recommendation but rather should be used as a guide only. Revenue has declined by 19% over the last 3 years. Earnings per share has declined by 100%.
Reported Earnings • Mar 02Full year 2024 earnings released: EPS: HK$0.68 (vs HK$0.16 in FY 2023)Full year 2024 results: EPS: HK$0.68 (up from HK$0.16 in FY 2023). Revenue: HK$10.1b (up 10.0% from FY 2023). Net income: HK$262.1m (up 331% from FY 2023). Profit margin: 2.6% (up from 0.7% in FY 2023). The increase in margin was driven by higher revenue.
공지 • Feb 28+ 1 more updatePC Partner Group Limited, Annual General Meeting, Apr 25, 2025PC Partner Group Limited, Annual General Meeting, Apr 25, 2025.
New Risk • Feb 25New minor risk - Share price stabilityThe company's share price has been volatile over the past 3 months. It is more volatile than 75% of Singaporean stocks, typically moving 8.0% a week. This is considered a minor risk. Share price volatility indicates the stock is highly sensitive to market conditions or economic conditions rather than being sensitive to its own business performance, which may also be inconsistent. It also increases the risk of potential losses in the short term as the stock tends to have larger drops in price more frequently than other stocks. Currently, the following risks have been identified for the company: Minor Risks Unstable dividend paying track record with dividend experiencing an annual drop of over 20% in the past. Share price has been volatile over the past 3 months (8.0% average weekly change).
공지 • Feb 18PC Partner Group Limited to Report Fiscal Year 2024 Final Results on Feb 28, 2025PC Partner Group Limited announced that they will report fiscal year 2024 final results on Feb 28, 2025
Valuation Update With 7 Day Price Move • Feb 12Investor sentiment improves as stock rises 15%After last week's 15% share price gain to S$1.12, the stock trades at a trailing P/E ratio of 10.7x. Average trailing P/E is 23x in the Tech industry in Asia.