European Carbon Regulations And Renewables Will Support Long-Term Resilience

Key Takeaways

• Regulatory tailwinds, cost leadership, and focus on value-added steels are set to drive sustainable margin expansion and pricing power, especially in Europe.
  
• Diversified operations and investments in recycling and Brazil will stabilize group earnings and offset regional market volatility.
  
• Weak demand, pricing pressure, import competition, regulatory uncertainty, and operational risks threaten Aperam's margin recovery and earnings growth across core and specialty divisions.

Catalysts

Produces and sells stainless steel and alloy products worldwide.

• Aperam is set to benefit from tighter European carbon regulations and the incoming CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism), which will directly favor lower-carbon steelmakers and discourage higher-emission imports; this is likely to enhance Aperam's European pricing power and net margins from 2026 onward.
  
• Secular trends such as electrification, renewables, and infrastructure upgrades, bolstered by Aperam's push into value-added alloys and specialty steel, are expected to lift higher-margin volumes as sectors like aerospace and energy enter recovery/growth phases, supporting long-term revenue and margin expansion.
  
• The company's investments in recycling (Aperam Recycling) and circular raw materials sourcing continue to generate cost efficiencies, and stabilization of scrap markets should drive a normalization or recovery in Recycling & Renewables earnings-padding net margins as market conditions improve.
  
• Strategic flexibility and cost leadership in Europe, especially through adaptable electrical arc furnaces and operational excellence programs, position Aperam to optimize capacity and defend margins even in a structurally weaker European demand environment; cost discipline is likely to support EBIT and overall profitability.
  
• Growth and resilience in Aperam's Brazilian operations, where the company is insulated from adverse US tariffs and benefits from robust domestic demand and cost competitiveness, will help stabilize group earnings and offset regional volatility in Europe, supporting consolidated revenue and earnings visibility.

Aperam Future Earnings and Revenue Growth

Assumptions

• Analysts are assuming Aperam's revenue will grow by 7.2% annually over the next 3 years.
• Analysts assume that profit margins will increase from 3.1% today to 3.9% in 3 years time.
• Analysts expect earnings to reach €299.2 million (and earnings per share of €4.19) by about August 2028, up from €192.0 million today. However, there is a considerable amount of disagreement amongst the analysts with the most bullish expecting €399.6 million in earnings, and the most bearish expecting €241.7 million.
• In order for the above numbers to justify the analysts price target, the company would need to trade at a PE ratio of 8.7x on those 2028 earnings, down from 9.7x today. This future PE is lower than the current PE for the GB Metals and Mining industry at 9.5x.
• Analysts expect the number of shares outstanding to grow by 0.06% per year for the next 3 years.
• To value all of this in today's terms, we will use a discount rate of 6.77%, as per the Simply Wall St company report.

Aperam Future Earnings Per Share Growth

Risks

• Persistently low demand and pricing pressure in the European stainless steel market, driven by declining volumes, high levels of imports, and structural overcapacity, could weigh on Aperam's European revenues and impair net margin recovery.
  
• Sharply declining scrap and raw material prices, combined with soft offtake in key regions and increased import competition, especially in the Recycling and Renewables division, risk depressing division EBITDA and constraining overall earnings growth.
  
• Uncertainties regarding the timing and implementation details of the EU's CBAM and renewed trade defense measures may delay or dilute the potential competitive advantage for Aperam, creating ongoing regulatory ambiguity that could impact long-term profitability.
  
• Ongoing or future unplanned operational disruptions, such as the recent alloys plant failure, highlight execution and asset reliability risks which may lead to earnings volatility and unforeseen costs, affecting EBIT margins.
  
• Slow recovery in key end markets such as European industry and aerospace, alongside risks of weaker-than-expected global macroeconomic growth, may delay volume improvements in alloys and other higher-value product segments, thereby limiting top-line growth and earnings potential.

Valuation

• The analysts have a consensus price target of €29.63 for Aperam based on their expectations of its future earnings growth, profit margins and other risk factors. However, there is a degree of disagreement amongst analysts, with the most bullish reporting a price target of €37.0, and the most bearish reporting a price target of just €25.0.
  
• In order for you to agree with the analyst's consensus, you'd need to believe that by 2028, revenues will be €7.7 billion, earnings will come to €299.2 million, and it would be trading on a PE ratio of 8.7x, assuming you use a discount rate of 6.8%.
  
• Given the current share price of €25.64, the analyst price target of €29.63 is 13.5% higher.
  
• We always encourage you to reach your own conclusions though. So sense check these analyst numbers against your own assumptions and expectations based on your understanding of the business and what you believe is probable.